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Tennessee River (United States) (search for this): chapter 27
kilful strategy, forced Bragg into a retreat that stopped only at Chattanooga, south of the Tennessee River, which, with the surrounding mountains, made it the strategical center and military key to nstead around the left flank of Bragg's army, boldly crossing the Cumberland Mountains, the Tennessee River, and two mountain ranges beyond. Bragg, seriously alarmed lest Rosecrans should seize the al Hooker, were transported from their camps on the Rapidan by railway to Nashville and the Tennessee River in the next eight days. Burnside, who had arrived at Knoxville early in September, was urgember 23, 24, and 25, 1863. The city of Chattanooga lies on the southeastern bank of the Tennessee River. Back of the city, Chattanooga valley forms a level plain about two miles in width to Missy held the yet stronger point of Lookout Mountain, whose rocky base turns the course of the Tennessee River in a short bend to the north. Grant's plan in rough outline was, that Sherman, with the
Dalton, Ga. (Georgia, United States) (search for this): chapter 27
unted to victory in an almost miraculous exaltation of patriotic heroism. Bragg's Confederate army was not only beaten, but hopelessly demoralized by the fiery Union assault, and fled in panic and retreat. Grant kept up a vigorous pursuit to a distance of twenty miles, which he ceased in order to send an immediate strong reinforcement under Sherman to relieve Burnside, besieged by the Confederate General Longstreet at Knoxville. But before this help arrived, Burnside had repulsed Longstreet, who, promptly informed of the Chattanooga disaster, retreated in the direction of Virginia. Not being pursued, however, this general again wintered in East Tennessee; and for the same reason, the beaten army of Bragg halted in its retreat from Missionary Ridge at Dalton, where it also went into winter quarters. The battle of Chattanooga had opened the great central gateway to the south, but the rebel army, still determined and formidable, yet lay in its path, only twenty-eight miles away.
Georgia (Georgia, United States) (search for this): chapter 27
ided Tennessee between the contestants. Against repeated prompting and urging from Washington, Rosecrans continued to find real or imaginary excuses for delay until midsummer, when, as if suddenly awaking from a long lethargy, he made a bold advance and, by a nine days campaign of skilful strategy, forced Bragg into a retreat that stopped only at Chattanooga, south of the Tennessee River, which, with the surrounding mountains, made it the strategical center and military key to the heart of Georgia and the South. This march of Rosecrans, ending the day before the Vicksburg surrender, again gave the Union forces full possession of middle Tennessee down to its southern boundary. The march completed, and the enemy thus successfully maneuvered out of the State, Rosecrans once more came to a halt, and made no further movement for six weeks. The President and General Halleck were already out of patience with Rosecrans for his long previous delay. Bragg's retreat to Chattanooga was suc
Knoxville (Tennessee, United States) (search for this): chapter 27
surrender of Vicksburg Lincoln to Grant Rosecrans's March to Chattanooga battle of Chickamauga Grant at Chattanooga battle of Chattanooga Burnside at Knoxville Burnside Repulses Longstreet From the Virginia campaigns of 1863 we must return to the Western campaigns of the same year, or, to be more precise, beginningral Hooker, were transported from their camps on the Rapidan by railway to Nashville and the Tennessee River in the next eight days. Burnside, who had arrived at Knoxville early in September, was urged by repeated messages to join Rosecrans, and other reinforcements were already on the way from Memphis and Vicksburg. All this hty miles, which he ceased in order to send an immediate strong reinforcement under Sherman to relieve Burnside, besieged by the Confederate General Longstreet at Knoxville. But before this help arrived, Burnside had repulsed Longstreet, who, promptly informed of the Chattanooga disaster, retreated in the direction of Virginia. No
Tennessee (Tennessee, United States) (search for this): chapter 27
rinth, should move from that place eastward to occupy eastern Tennessee. Buell, however, progressed so leisurely that before other caused Buell to give up all idea of moving into East Tennessee, an object on which the President had specially and re was appointed to succeed him. Rosecrans neglected the East Tennessee orders as heedlessly as Buell had done; but, reorganizbliged to give up, and the military frontier thus divided Tennessee between the contestants. Against repeated prompting and ender, again gave the Union forces full possession of middle Tennessee down to its southern boundary. The march completeucky, and was about starting on a direct campaign into East Tennessee. Finally, obeying this explicit injunction, Rosecrrom that place to Cleveland, both inclusive, it keeps all Tennessee clear of the enemy, and also breaks one of his most imporeing pursued, however, this general again wintered in East Tennessee; and for the same reason, the beaten army of Bragg hal
Milliken's Bend (Louisiana, United States) (search for this): chapter 27
ed and burned, leaving him for two weeks without other provisions than such as he could gather by foraging. The costly lesson proved a valuable experience to him, which he soon put to use. Sherman's expedition also met disaster. Landing at Milliken's Bend, on the west bank of the Mississippi, he ventured a daring storming assault from the east bank of the Yazoo at Haines's Bluff, ten miles north of Vicksburg, but met a bloody repulse. Having abandoned his railroad advance, Grant next joined Sherman at Milliken's Bend in January, 1863, where also Admiral Porter, with a river squadron of seventy vessels, eleven of them ironclads, was added to his force. For the next three months Grant kept his large army and flotilla busy with four different experiments to gain a practicable advance toward Vicksburg, until his fifth highly novel and, to other minds, seemingly reckless and impossible plan secured him a brilliant success and results of immense military advantage. One experiment
Vicksburg (Mississippi, United States) (search for this): chapter 27
Grant's May battles siege and surrender of Vicksburg Lincoln to Grant Rosecrans's March to Chf the great river from Cairo as far south as Vicksburg; and Farragut's fleet commanded it from New Yazoo at Haines's Bluff, ten miles north of Vicksburg, but met a bloody repulse. Having abandoriments to gain a practicable advance toward Vicksburg, until his fifth highly novel and, to other t a canal across the tongue of land opposite Vicksburg, through which the flotilla might pass out oting up the Confederate General Pemberton in Vicksburg. By a rigorous siege of six weeks he then ct the time that the Union army closed around Vicksburg, General Banks, on the lower Mississippi, border of Banks to celebrate the surrender of Vicksburg, and the rebel commander was informed of Pemher. When you first reached the vicinity of Vicksburg, I thought you should do what you finally dints were already on the way from Memphis and Vicksburg. All this help, however, was not instant[3 more...]
Iuka (Mississippi, United States) (search for this): chapter 27
pelling Bragg to retreat; though, for reasons which he never satisfactorily explained, Rosecrans failed for six months to follow up his evident advantages. The transfer of Halleck from the West to Washington in the summer of 1862, left Grant in command of the district of West Tennessee. But Buell's eastward expedition left him so few movable troops that during the summer and most of the autumn he was able to accomplish little except to defend his department by the repulse of the enemy at Iuka in September, and at Corinth early in October, Rosecrans being in local command at both places. It was for these successes that Rosecrans was chosen to succeed Buell. Grant had doubtless given much of his enforced leisure to studying the great problem of opening the Mississippi, a task which was thus left in his own hands, but for which, as yet, he found neither a theoretical solution, nor possessed an army sufficiently strong to begin practical work. Under the most favorable aspects,
Grand Gulf (Mississippi, United States) (search for this): chapter 27
adlong venture of rash desperation. During the month of April he caused Admiral Porter to prepare fifteen or twenty vessels-ironclads, steam transports, and provision barges-and run them boldly by night past the Vicksburg and, later, past the Grand Gulf batteries, which the admiral happily accomplished with very little loss. Meanwhile, the general, by a very circuitous route of seventy miles, marched an army of thirty-five thousand down the west bank of the Mississippi, and, with Porter's vese neck, run the batteries with the transports, and thus go below; and I never had any faith, except a general hope that you knew better than I, that the Yazoo Pass expedition and the like could succeed. When you got below and took Port Gibson, Grand Gulf, and vicinity, I thought you should go down the river and join General Banks, and when you turned northward, east of the Big Black, I feared it was a mistake. I now wish to make the personal acknowledgment that you were right and I was wrong.
Lake Providence (Louisiana, United States) (search for this): chapter 27
tage. One experiment was to cut a canal across the tongue of land opposite Vicksburg, through which the flotilla might pass out of range of the Vicksburg guns. A second was to force the gunboats and transports up the tortuous and swampy Yazoo to find a landing far north of Haines's Bluff. A third was for the flotilla to enter through Yazoo Pass and Cold Water River, two hundred miles above, and descend the Yazoo to a hoped — for landing. Still a fourth project was to cut a canal into Lake Providence west of the Mississippi, seventy miles above, find a practicable waterway through two hundred miles of bayous and rivers, and establish communication with Banks and Farragut, who were engaged in an effort to capture Port Hudson. The time, the patience, the infinite labor, and enormous expense of these several projects were utterly wasted. Early in April, Grant began an entirely new plan, which was opposed by all his ablest generals, and, tested by the accepted rules of military sci
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