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orps of the Army of the Potomac. The information staggered me at first, for I knew well the great responsibilities of such a position; moreover, I was but slightly acquainted with military operations in Virginia, and then, too, the higher officers of the Army of the Potomac were little known to me, so at the moment I felt loth to undergo the trials of the new position. Indeed, I knew not a soul in Washington except General Grant and General Halleck, and them but slightly, and no one in General Meade's army, from the commanding general down, except a few officers in the lower grades, hardly any of whom I had seen since graduating at the Military Academy. Thus it is not much to be wondered at that General Thomas's communication momentarily upset me. But there was no help for it, so after reflecting on the matter a little I concluded to make the best of the situation. As in Virginia I should be operating in a field with which I was wholly unfamiliar, and among so many who were str
of the Army of the Potomac its officers General Meade's method of using cavalry opening of the lly in the field, associating himself with General Meade's army, where he could supervise its movem Station, I left the train and reported to General Meade, who told me that the headquarters of the valry-and my proposition seemed to stagger General Meade not a little. I knew that it would be diftions as, in his judgment, occasion required. Meade's ideas and mine being so widely divergent, dis Store and cut off his communication with General Meade. Surprised at this, he determined to withn the 6th, through some false information, General Meade became alarmed about his left flank, and sylvania that day. A little before noon General Meade sent for me, and when I reached his headquhe corps inefficient and useless before long. Meade was very much irritated, and I was none the lely, I told him that I could whip Stuart if he (Meade) would only let me, but since he insisted on g[13 more...]
is position near Spottsylvania Court House and compelled to retire to the line of the North Anna. I then determined to rejoin the Army of the Potomac at the earliest moment, which I did by making for Chesterfield Station, where I reported to General Meade on the 24th of May. Our return to Chesterfield ended the first independent expedition the Cavalry Corps had undertaken since coming under my command, and our success was commended highly by Generals Grant and Meade, both realizing that ouMeade, both realizing that our operations in the rear of Lee had disconcerted and alarmed that general so much as to aid materially in forcing his retrograde march, and both acknowledged that, by drawing off the en- Map: first expedition: the Richmond raid. emy's cavalry during the past fortnight, we had enabled them to move the Army of the Potomac and its enormous trains without molestation in the manoeuvres that had carried it to the North Anna. Then, too, great quantities of provisions and munitions of war had been
been done, a little before dark, Wilson received an order from General Meade directing him to push on toward Richmond until he encountered tthrowing up intrenchments. Late in the afternoon I reported to General Meade the presence of the enemy's infantry, and likewise that Hamptonh was near at hand, be sent to my assistance. I could not convince Meade that anything but the enemy's horse was fighting us, however, and h much wearied by night marches. It has been ascertained since that Meade's conclusions were correct in so far as they related to the enemy's and my position. In view of this state of affairs, I notified General Meade that I had taken Cold Harbor, but could not with safety to my cs had scarcely pulled out, however, when I received a despatch from Meade directing me to hold Cold Harbor at every hazard. General Grant haf Cold Harbor gave us were to be improved, so at the same hour that Meade ordered me to hold the place at all hazards the Sixth Corps was sta
ecessary to draw off the bulk of the enemy's cavalry while the movement to the James was in process of execution, and General Meade determined to do this by requiring me to proceed with two divisions as far as Charlottesville to destroy the railroad Upon the completion of this duty you will rejoin this army. A. A. Humphreys, Major-General, Chief-of-Staff. After Meade's instructions reached me they were somewhat modified by General Grant, who on the same evening had received information nd the Virginia Central road, were to join the Army of the Potomac in the manner contemplated in my instructions from General Meade; and that in view of what was anticipated, it would be well to break up as much of the railroad as possible on my way now throw all his cavalry in my front, on the river road, where it could be backed up by Lee's infantry. Meanwhile, General Meade had become assured of the same thing, and as he was now growing anxious about the fate of Wilson's division-which, d
e with Gregg and Torbert-when, under orders from General Meade, he set out to cut the enemy's communications tobility of having to return northward, I wrote to General Meade the evening before starting that I anticipated n not fear any trouble from him. I doubt that General Meade's letter of instructions HEADQUARTERS Army that I would look after Hampton. I do not think General Meade's instructions are susceptible of this interpre from some correspondence between Generals Grant and Meade, which I never saw till after the war, that Grant thxpedition. The moment I received orders from General Meade to go to the relief of Wilson, I hastened with TReam's Station. Here I found the Sixth Corps, which Meade had pushed out on his left flank immediately on hearo succeed the mine explosion, but when I reached General Meade's headquarters I found that lamentable failure hon to the north side were irretrievably lost, so General Meade at once arrested the movement of the cavalry.
ring across the Potomac to Leesburg, unharassed save by some Union cavalry that had been sent out into Loudoun County by Hunter, who in the meantime had arrived at Harper's Ferry by the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. From Leesburg Early retired through Winchester toward Strasburg, but when the head of his column reached this place he found that he was being followed by General Crook with the combined troops of Hunter and Sigel only, Wright having returned to Washington under orders to rejoin Meade at Petersburg. This reduction of the pursuing force tempting Early to resume the offensive, he attacked Crook at Kernstown, and succeeded in administering such a check as to necessitate this general's retreat to Martinsburg, and finally to Harper's Ferry. Crook's withdrawal restored to Early the line of the upper Potomac, so, recrossing this stream, he advanced again into Maryland, and sending McCausland on to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, laid that town in ashes, leaving three thousand non-
ration from further solicitude for the safety of the Maryland and Pennsylvania borders. The President's appreciation of the victory was expressed in a despatch so like Mr. Lincoln that I give a fac-simile of it to the reader. This he supplemented by promoting me to the grade of brigadier-general in the regular army, and assigning me to the permanent command of the Middle Military Department, and following that came warm congratulations from Mr. Stanton and from Generals Grant, Sherman, and Meade. The battle was not fought out on the plan in accordance with which marching orders were issued to my troops, for I then hoped to take Early in detail, and with Crook's force cut off his retreat. I adhered to this purpose during the early start of the contest, but was obliged to abandon the idea because of unavoidable delays by which I was prevented from getting the Sixth and Nineteenth corps through the narrow defile and into position early enough to destroy Ramseur while still isolate
pper Potomac and the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and this alone would probably take the whole of Crook's command, leaving me a wholly inadequate number of fighting men to prosecute a campaign against the city of Richmond. Then, too, I was in doubt whether the besiegers could hold the entire army at Petersburg; and in case they could not, a number of troops sufficient to crush me might be detached by Lee, moved rapidly by rail, and, after overwhelming me, be quickly returned to confront General Meade. I was moreover, that my transportation could not supply me further than Harrisonburg, and if in penetrating the Blue Ridge I met with protracted resistance, a lack of supplies might compel me to abandon the attempt at a most inopportune time. I therefore advised that the Valley campaign be terminated north of Staunton, and I be permitted to return, carrying out on the way my original instructions for desolating the Shenandoah country so as to make it untenable for permanent occupa
ver. When I joined the General he informed me that the President was on board the boat — the steamer Mary Martin. For some days Mr. Lincoln had been at City Point, established on the steamer River Queen, having come down from Washington to be nearer his generals, no doubt, and also to be conveniently situated for the reception of tidings from the front when operations began, for he could not endure the delays in getting news to Washington. This trip up the James had been projected by General Meade, but on account of demands at the front he could not go, so the President, General Grant, and I composed the party. We steamed up to where my cavalry was crossing on the pontoon-bridge below the mouth of the Dutch Gap canal, and for a little while watched the column as it was passing over the river, the bright sunshine presaging good weather, but only to delude, as was proved by the torrents of rain brought by the succeeding days of March. On the trip the President was not very cheerfu