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of State under Mr. Buchanan, See page 70. addressed February 28, 1861. a circular letter to the American ministers abroad, informing them of the state of public affairs at home, directing them to endeavor to counteract the efforts of the agents of the conspirators at foreign courts, and assuring them that the Government had not relinquished its constitutional jurisdiction within the States wherein rebellion existed, and did not desire to do so. This was followed, a few days afterward, March 9. by a circular letter from Mr. Seward, the Secretary of State under Mr. Lincoln, conjuring them to use all diligence to prevent the designs of those who would invoke foreign intervention to embarrass and overthrow the Republic. More than a month later, when Jefferson Davis had offered commissions for depredating on the commerce of the United States, and Mr. Lincoln had declared that such depredators should be treated as pirates, See page 372. Mr. Seward addressed another circular to Ame
st thoroughly with the political objects of the conspirators, procured in their behalf the powerful assistance of a Proclamation of Neutrality by the Queen, May 13, 1861. by which a Confederate Government, as existing, was acknowledged, and belligerent rights were accorded to the insurgents. A motion, with the view of recognizing the independence of the so-called Confederate States, was made in Parliament by Mr. Gregory, at the beginning of May, and, in reply to a question from him on the 6th of that month, Lord John Russell, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, gave the first authoritative statement of the position which the Government intended to take. The Attorney and Solicitor-General and the Queen's Advocate and the Government, he said, have come to the opinion that the Southern Confederacy of America, according to those principles which seem to them to be just principles, must be treated as a belligerent. Following the Queen's Proclamation, was a debate on the subject of bloc
ernment. And at the powerful French court, the source of much of the political opinion of the ruling classes of Continental Europe, Charles J. Faulkner, of Virginia, the American Minister Plenipotentiary, it was believed, was an efficient accomplice of the conspirators in the work of misrepresenting their Government, and maturing plans for securing the recognition of the independence of the Seceded States. This suspicion of Mr. Faulkner was unfounded in truth. When, during the month of January, the politicians of several of the Slave-labor States declared those States separated from the Union, and, early in February, proceeded to form a League of so-called Seceded States, Europe was prepared to accept the hopeless dissolution of the Republic as a fact accomplished. This belief was strengthened by the dispatches of most of the foreign ministers at Washington to their respective governments, early in February, who announced the practical dissolution of the Union; and some affected
Washington, In every event, the American Nation may count upon the most cordial sympathy on the part of our august master during the important crisis which it is passing through at present. Letter of Prince Gortschakoff to Baron de Stoeckl, dated July 10, 1861. The Russian Emperor kept his word; and the powers of Western Europe, regarding him as a promised ally of the Republic, in case of need, behaved prudently. Congress followed the President's suggestions with prompt action. On the first day of the session, July 4, 1861. Mr. Wilson, Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs of the Senate, gave notice that on the following day he should ask leave to introduce six bills, having for their object the suppression of the rebellion. These were, 1. To ratify and confirm certain acts of the President for the suppression of insurrection and rebellion. 2. To authorize the employment of volunteers to aid in enforcing the laws and protecting public property. 3. To increase the
ority of Unionists. The proceedings of the Senate, over which Hannibal Hamlin, the Vice-President of the United States, presided, were opened by prayer by the Rev. Byron Sunderland, D. D., and those of the House of Representatives by the Rev. T. H. Stockton, chaplain of the last House. See page 65. This was the first session of this Congress, and the House of Representatives was organized by the election of Galusha A. Grow, of Pennsylvania, to be speaker or presiding officer. On the second day of the session, July 5, 1861. President Lincoln sent into Congress, by the hands of his private secretary, J. G. Nicolay, a message, devoted almost exclusively to the consideration of the important subject which occasioned the assembling of that body in extraordinary session. He recited Hannibal Hamlin. the many and grave offenses of the conspirators, such as the seizure and appropriation of public property, the preparations for war, and the seeking of recognition by foreign powers,
April 10th, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 24
ames, Mr. Adams succeeded the late George M. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, as embassador at the British court. Mr. Dallas was a highly accomplished and patriotic gentleman, whose voice was heard, on his return home, in wholesome denunciations of the conspirators against the life of the Republic. which had been held by his father and grandfather; and to him the proposed negotiation was intrusted. Mr. Adams had already been instructed See Mr. Seward's Letter of Instructions to Mr. Adams, April 10, 1861. concerning the manner in which he should oppose the efforts of the agents of the conspirators. He was directed to acknowledge the appreciation of the American people and Government of the late expressions of good — will by the Queen and her ministers ; Reference is here made to an expression in the Queen's speech from the throne on the 5th of February, 1861, in which she declared her great concern at the events then taking place in the United States, and a heart-felt wish that the d
n truth. When, during the month of January, the politicians of several of the Slave-labor States declared those States separated from the Union, and, early in February, proceeded to form a League of so-called Seceded States, Europe was prepared to accept the hopeless dissolution of the Republic as a fact accomplished. This belief was strengthened by the dispatches of most of the foreign ministers at Washington to their respective governments, early in February, who announced the practical dissolution of the Union; and some affected to be amazed at the folly of Congress in legislating concerning the tariff and other National measures, when the Nation wa the entire period of the war, and was for a long time a stumbling-block in the way of many earnest friends of our Government abroad. So early as the close of February, Mr. Black, the Secretary of State under Mr. Buchanan, See page 70. addressed February 28, 1861. a circular letter to the American ministers abroad, informin
they were censured without stint, and the loyalty of General Scott, who was born in Virginia, was actually questioned. In public speeches, in the newspapers, and everywhere among the people, there was a mad cry of Forward to Richmond! which finally impelled the General-in-chief to order the army to move in that direction. The New York Tribune, a daily paper of immense circulation throughout the Free-labor States, and of great influence, first raised this war-cry in its columns, on the 26th of June, and kept the paragraph in a conspicuous place among its editorials until the 3d of July. Its words were as follows:-- the nation's War-cry.--Forward to Richmond! Forward to Richmond! The Rebel Congress must not be allowed to meet there on the 20th of July. By that date the place must be held by the National Army. In the mean time the loyal people at home — men, women, and children — had been making earnest preparations for assisting the soldiers in the field, and alleviating th
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