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Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 25
carbonate, or calamine; the sulphide, or blende, the dark varieties of which are termed black-jack by the English miners; and the silicate, which is usually found associated with the carbonate. The metal itself was unknown to the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians, and in fact in Europe previous to about the middle of the sixteenth century, though it is said to have been used in India and China from an early period. It is produced in England, France, Belgium, Germany, and in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The fact that certain ores yielded a yellow copper (brass) was early known, and the product was highly esteemed; but it was not understood that it was a true alloy, nor was zinc obtained distinctly. This was partly owing to the fact that zinc vaporizes at a certain heat, and the sublimed portions which adhered to the sides of the furnace had no appearance of metal. Mines yielding this gold-colored metal were highly esteemed, and when exhausted the fact was lamented; but in course o
Mount Sterling, Ky. (Kentucky, United States) (search for this): chapter 25
he plate being bit away leaves the design in relief to be printed from by the ordinary mode in printing from woodcuts. The process does not appear to have made much headway since its introduction in 1816, though some beautiful specimens were made in England more than thirty years back. See Panicograph; Galvanograph; Galvano-plastic process. Zinc-white. Zinc-white (oxide of zinc; ZnO.) is a white powder obtained by the sublimation of the red oxide. This is found in abundance at Mount Sterling, N. J. It is pulverized, mixed with coal, heated in brick retorts, through which blasts of air are passed. The oxygen of the air combines with the vapor of the zinc, and the flocculent oxide is carried off by the draft of air through tubes leading to a chamber where the zinc-white falls in the shape of a fine powder. Fig. 7394 shows the arrangements adopted in the preparation of zinc-white (oxide of zinc.) The several furnaces a have openings in their tops, communicating with a commo
United States (United States) (search for this): chapter 25
ufficiently to allow any ash and coal passing over to settle; it is withdrawn thence by the fan f passing through the ascending and descending pipes e, and forced into a second chamber, where it is cooled and farther purified. It is thence distributed by downcast pipes h among a series of horizontal and vertical flannel bags j k l, in which it is condensed as a fine white powder; the lower bags receive that which is shaken into them from those above. Zinc-white apparatus. List of United States Patents for Zinc-White. No.Name and Date. 7,351.Leclaire et al., May 7, 1850. 8,308.Seymour, August 26, 1851. 8,477.Adams, Oct. 28, 1851. 8,756.Jones, Feb. 24, 1852. 10,574.Renton, Feb. 28, 1854. 10,696.Jones, Mar. 28, 1854. 10,711.Trotter, Mar. 28, 1854. 12,329.Selleck, Jan. 30, 1855. 12,333.Trotter, Jan. 30, 1855. 12,418.Wetherell, Feb. 20, 1855. 12,613.Gardner, Mar. 27, 1855. 13,332.Jones, July 24, 1855. 13,416.Burrows, Extended. Aug. 14, 1855. 13,431.Jones, Aug. 1
Europe (search for this): chapter 25
e of which are distinguished by specific names. The prepared oxide is extensively used as a pigment, and the sulphate is the white-vitriol of commerce. It is not found native. Its principal ores are the red oxide; the carbonate, or calamine; the sulphide, or blende, the dark varieties of which are termed black-jack by the English miners; and the silicate, which is usually found associated with the carbonate. The metal itself was unknown to the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians, and in fact in Europe previous to about the middle of the sixteenth century, though it is said to have been used in India and China from an early period. It is produced in England, France, Belgium, Germany, and in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The fact that certain ores yielded a yellow copper (brass) was early known, and the product was highly esteemed; but it was not understood that it was a true alloy, nor was zinc obtained distinctly. This was partly owing to the fact that zinc vaporizes at a certain h
Belgium (Belgium) (search for this): chapter 25
Its principal ores are the red oxide; the carbonate, or calamine; the sulphide, or blende, the dark varieties of which are termed black-jack by the English miners; and the silicate, which is usually found associated with the carbonate. The metal itself was unknown to the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians, and in fact in Europe previous to about the middle of the sixteenth century, though it is said to have been used in India and China from an early period. It is produced in England, France, Belgium, Germany, and in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The fact that certain ores yielded a yellow copper (brass) was early known, and the product was highly esteemed; but it was not understood that it was a true alloy, nor was zinc obtained distinctly. This was partly owing to the fact that zinc vaporizes at a certain heat, and the sublimed portions which adhered to the sides of the furnace had no appearance of metal. Mines yielding this gold-colored metal were highly esteemed, and when exhau
Milan, Sullivan County, Missouri (Missouri, United States) (search for this): chapter 25
discovered that the addition of a certain stone (calamine) to copper, when melting, gave it the desired yellow color. This earth was used for the specific purpose, but it was long ere the truth was elicited that calamine was a metallic ore, and yielded its base to form an alloy with the copper. See brass. Aristotle, Strabo, and various other writers refer to an earth which conferred a yellow color on copper. Brass was considered a more valuable kind of copper. Ambrosias, Bishop of Milan in the fourth century, Promasius, Bishop of Adrumetum, in Africa, in the sixth century, and Isidore, Bishop of Seville in the seventh century, mention an addition by which copper acquired a gold color. This was, undoubtedly, calamine. Albertus Magnus (1205-1280) speaks of calamine as a semimetal. The furnace-calamine, or sublimated zinc, with which the furnaces and chimneys were lined, where zinc-yielding ores were smelted, was thrown aside as useless until the middle of the sixteenth
France (France) (search for this): chapter 25
native. Its principal ores are the red oxide; the carbonate, or calamine; the sulphide, or blende, the dark varieties of which are termed black-jack by the English miners; and the silicate, which is usually found associated with the carbonate. The metal itself was unknown to the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians, and in fact in Europe previous to about the middle of the sixteenth century, though it is said to have been used in India and China from an early period. It is produced in England, France, Belgium, Germany, and in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The fact that certain ores yielded a yellow copper (brass) was early known, and the product was highly esteemed; but it was not understood that it was a true alloy, nor was zinc obtained distinctly. This was partly owing to the fact that zinc vaporizes at a certain heat, and the sublimed portions which adhered to the sides of the furnace had no appearance of metal. Mines yielding this gold-colored metal were highly esteemed, and wh
Austria (Austria) (search for this): chapter 25
701.Bartlett, June 10, 1873. 142,571.Lang, Sept. 9, 1873. 145,976.Trotter, Dec. 30, 1873. See also white-lead. Zir-co′ni — a light. One in which a stick of oxide of zirconium is exposed to the flame of oxyhydrogen gas. Invented by Tessie du Motay. It is said to be entirely unaltered by the heat, and to develop more intense light than any other terrous oxide. Zir-co′ni-um. A rare metal obtained from the minerals zircon and hyacinth by Berzelius in 1824. Zith′ern. An Austrian musical instrument of the lute order. It has twenty-eight strings, lies on the table or in the lap, and is played by both hands. Zo′cle. 1. A low, plain, square member or plinth supporting a column. 2. A short pedestal; a footstool. Socle. Zo′e-trope. This mechanical toy, like the thaumatrope, which amused the preceding generation, depends for its interest upon the constancy of visual impressions. See also Anorthoscope; Phenakis-Toscope; Stroboscope; Rotascope; etc.
New Jersey (New Jersey, United States) (search for this): chapter 25
e red oxide; the carbonate, or calamine; the sulphide, or blende, the dark varieties of which are termed black-jack by the English miners; and the silicate, which is usually found associated with the carbonate. The metal itself was unknown to the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians, and in fact in Europe previous to about the middle of the sixteenth century, though it is said to have been used in India and China from an early period. It is produced in England, France, Belgium, Germany, and in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The fact that certain ores yielded a yellow copper (brass) was early known, and the product was highly esteemed; but it was not understood that it was a true alloy, nor was zinc obtained distinctly. This was partly owing to the fact that zinc vaporizes at a certain heat, and the sublimed portions which adhered to the sides of the furnace had no appearance of metal. Mines yielding this gold-colored metal were highly esteemed, and when exhausted the fact was lamented;
China (China) (search for this): chapter 25
ulphate is the white-vitriol of commerce. It is not found native. Its principal ores are the red oxide; the carbonate, or calamine; the sulphide, or blende, the dark varieties of which are termed black-jack by the English miners; and the silicate, which is usually found associated with the carbonate. The metal itself was unknown to the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians, and in fact in Europe previous to about the middle of the sixteenth century, though it is said to have been used in India and China from an early period. It is produced in England, France, Belgium, Germany, and in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The fact that certain ores yielded a yellow copper (brass) was early known, and the product was highly esteemed; but it was not understood that it was a true alloy, nor was zinc obtained distinctly. This was partly owing to the fact that zinc vaporizes at a certain heat, and the sublimed portions which adhered to the sides of the furnace had no appearance of metal. Mines yi
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