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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 8 0 Browse Search
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia. 4 0 Browse Search
Baron de Jomini, Summary of the Art of War, or a New Analytical Compend of the Principle Combinations of Strategy, of Grand Tactics and of Military Policy. (ed. Major O. F. Winship , Assistant Adjutant General , U. S. A., Lieut. E. E. McLean , 1st Infantry, U. S. A.) 2 0 Browse Search
Henry Morton Stanley, Dorothy Stanley, The Autobiography of Sir Henry Morton Stanley 2 0 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight). You can also browse the collection for Cressy (France) or search for Cressy (France) in all documents.

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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
65.) The arrow-heads of the Ethiopians were of agate and other siliceous stones. Pieces of stone of the kind used in engraving seals. — Ibid. The bows of the Ethiopians were of the stem of the palm-leaf. Pliny says: It is by the aid of the reed that the nations of the East decide their wars. Fully one half of mankind live under a dominion imposed by the agency of the arrow. The Eastern reed, so called, was a bamboo. Harold, William Rufus, and Richard I. were killed by arrows. Crecy, Poictiers, and Agincourt were won by archers. The long-bow of that time measured six feet, the arrow three feet. The range was 300 to 500 yards. In the Southwest of England bows and arrows did not finally disappear from the muster-roll till 1599. The muskets were such miserable affairs that in the middle of the fifteenth century it took fifteen minutes to charge and fire one. 2. (Husbandry.) The bent piece which embraces the neck of an ox, the ends coming up through the yoke, abov
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
mous cannon of the world. In the eleventh century, if we may credit the chronicle of Alphonso VI., written by Pedro, bishop of Leon, the vessels of the king of Tunis, in the attack on Seville, had on board a number of iron pipes, out of which volumes of thundering fire were discharged. In the fourteenth century the references to the uses of cannon became common. Ferdinand took Gibraltar from the Moors by cannon, in 1308. Petrarch refers to them about the same time. The English (at Crecy, 1346), the Moors, Arragonese, French, and Danes, used them during that century. Metallic cannon were originally made by welding bars of iron longitudinally and binding them by rings, which were shrunk on over them while hot, — a plan which, with some modifications, has been revived of late years, and seems more feasible in the present state of the arts than it was 500 years ago. Some of these ancient guns were breech-loaders, having a removable chamber, insertable in the breech, where
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
ainst Alonzo XI., king of Castile, by projectiles fired from cannon by powder. The Venetians used gunpowder in their wars with the Genoese in 1380. Gunpowder is mentioned in the French national accounts, 1338, and is said to have been used at Cressy, 1346, and to have contributed much to the success of the English. The two Europeans whose names have been prominently brought forward as inventors of gunpowder are Roger Bacon and Michael Schwartz. Roger Bacon, in 1216, wrote a work entitlas first made in England, at periods varying from 1411 to 1438; but recent research by Rev. Joseph Hunter has brought to light records of its manufacture for the uses of the English army before it landed at La Hague, and previous to the battle of Cressy. The ingredients for the manufacture of gunpowder should be of the greatest possible purity. The crude saltpeter is refined by washing, and then dissolving in the least possible proportion of hot water, and clarified by adding a very small