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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
part of a piece of gold under assay or estimation. The name is derived from Carat, the sweet-pea, a measure of weight among the Arabs, equal to four grains of barley. Car′a-van. （Vehicle.) a. A vehicle for conveying passengers between Cairo and Suez. It is shaped like a light wagon, with top and curtains. A number of them used to meet the passengers arriving by the Red Sea or Mediterranean steam vessels, and convey them across a portion of the Egyptian territory. This route was eled khonfud, hedgehog, to break the clods, after the land has been plowed. It consists of a cylinder, studded with projecting iron pins. The land shown in the cut is in the vicinity of the ancient Heliopolis, and within sight of the minarets of Cairo. Egyptian clod-crusher (from Wilkinson). One form of clod-crusher consists of a series of cast-metal rings, or roller-parts, placed loosely upon a round axle, and revolving thereon independently of each other, so as to produce a self-clean
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), H. (search)
his is an alluvial deposit of unknown depth. The rise of eighteen feet indicates a period of 2,250 years B. C. for the erection of that sphinx. The elevation of the land by the sediment of the inundation decreases south wardly. The periodical rise commences about June 1, it increases for three months, remains stationary about twelve days, and then subsides. The rise is greatest in Upper Egypt, and less towards the mouth. Thirty-six feet rise is a good rise at Thebes, twenty-five feet at Cairo. The rise at the Damietta and Rosetta mouths may be about four feet. The land is gradually encroaching on the desert in most places; buildings and monuments originally erected on the barren land outside of cultivation have now a depth of many feet of soil around their bases. Many of the sites of antiquity are now buried. (See Wilkinson.) The amount of land inundated by the Nile is about 5,626 square miles (average). This does not include the river and lakes. Harrows bore the same part
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
st information he could obtain. His list begins as follows: — Days of Thunder per Year. 1. Calcutta averages60 2. Patna (India) supposed to average53 3. Rio Janeiro averages50.6 4. Maryland (U. S.) supposed to average41 5. Martinique averages39 6. Abyssinia supposed to average38 7. Guadaloupe averages37 8. Viviers (France) averages24.7 9. Quebec averages23.3 10. Buenos Ayres averages22.5 11. Denainvilliers (France) averages20.6 The lowest average he gives is that of Cairo in Egypt, three days of thunder per annum. That of Paris and most of the European cities is about fifteen days. He estimates the days of thunder at New York to be about the same. Lightning rods, points, and Attachements. Fig. 2954 exhibits some of the numerous variety of rods for which patents have been secured in the United States. a has a series of points formed of spiral coils combined with a tubular portion, forming the tip. The conductor is a flat strip. b, a jointed tubul
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
number of guns carried in broadside by another vessel. Admiral Porter, after a lengthened experience with all sorts of iron and wooden vessels in action under almost all possible circumstances, gave his opinion that the monitors built on the Western rivers were the most powerful vessels of war ever launched. He says: The first monitor was a perfect success, and capable of defeating anything that then floated. The one first completed at Cincinnati, in 1864, he thought, could commence at Cairo and, going down the river, destroy everything we have on these waters, unless they ran away ; and this without disparagement to the powerful fleet of vessels then on the Mississippi, several of which had received over a hundred shots each, while under the Admiral's command, without apparent damage. Of the monitors at Charleston, he says: They have done what no other vessels ever built could possibly have accomplished. Some 50 monitors were built for the United States government, between
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), N. (search)
ypt under the Khalif Suleiman) erected the nilometer in the vicinity of what was afterward Grand Cairo, year Hegira 97. Citizen Langles has been employed in examining the various nilometers from Atime of Herodotus, 456 B. C. At the present day 18 cubits is considered the lowest inundation at Cairo. Hear the Father of history : — One fact which I learnt of the priests is to me a strong e the rise at Memphis has always averaged about 16 cubits; say 40 at Assouan, 36 at Thebes, 25 at Cairo, and 4 at the mouth of the river. See Wilkinson's Herodotus, Am. ed., 2d Vol., pp. 252 – 254. abundant, and 24 ruinous, as invading the houses and stores of the country. The nilometer at Cairo has been erected for many centuries, but it is not nearly so ancient as that at Elephanta, whichks again about the 10th of November. Its minimum stage is about the middle of May; the depth at Cairo is then about 6 feet. The increase of the Nile during inundation is 9-fold its quantity durin
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
iodical rise of the Nile commences about the first of June, continues for three months, remains stationary about twelve days, and then as gradually subsides. The rise is greatest in Upper Egypt, and less toward the month of the river. The rise was less at former periods than now. In the time of Moeris, it is said that eight cubits were sufficient; fifteen or sixteen were required in the time of Herodotus, 456 B. C. At the present day eighteen cubits is considered the lowest inundation at Cairo. In the time of Pliny (A. D. 70) twelve cubits were a famine, thirteen scarcity, fifteen safety, sixteen plenty. At the present day eighteen cubits in the lowest, and at this hight the canals are cut, and distribution commences; nineteen cubits are tolerable, twenty adequate, twenty-one excellent, twenty-two abundant, and twenty-four ruinous to the houses and stores which are overflowed thereby. The rise toward the Rosetta and Damietta mouths may be about four feet. The amount of mud l
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
an 18 United States vessels were destroyed through the agency of torpedoes during the late war. One was blown up, but not destroyed. Of these were the monitors Patapsco and Tecumseh, at Charleston and Mobile Bay respectively; the iron clads Cairo and Baron de Kalb, in the Yazoo River; the iron-clads Milwaukee and Osage, in the Blakely River. In the case of stationary submarine torpedoes, the operator must know the position of each, and be provided with means for determining when a vesscharge-chamber around the axis. It is, or may be, propelled by the current. This form of wheel has its advocates in all civilized countries, and is employed in draining some of the fluviatile districts in our Western country; for instance, at Cairo, where a wheel of this character is, or was, driven by steampower, for removing the drainage of that rather low site, discharging it over the levee, which keeps back the waters of the river. The tympanum, under the name of the scoopwheel, is m
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
ent Shechem —— has been visited by travelers in all ages and has been minutely described. It is 9 feet in diameter, and 105 feet deep, made entirely through rock. When visited by Maundrel it contained 15 feet of water. The well of Joseph, at Cairo, is the most remarkable work of its kind on record. A (Fig. 7147) is a section of this well. Its age and the name of its designer are unknown; by the common people it is generally ascribed to the patriarch Joseph; some formerly believed it to3,479 feet, and in 1871 it was stopped at a depth of not less than 4,052 feet Rhenish, or 4,170 feet English, from the surface, which is the greatest depth that has ever yet been reached. The strata of rock-salt is 3,768 Rhenish feet. Well of Cairo. 2. (Mining.) The lower part of a furnace, into which the water falls. 3. (Nautical.) a. A boarded inclosure for the pump-stocks. b. A portion of a vessel's hold open to the sea, for keeping live fish. 4. A deep cavity in a build