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Massachusetts (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
nce, in Boston, which fifteen years before had mobbed anti-slavery women and dragged Garrison through its streets? The moral indignation aroused by the law in Massachusetts swept Webster and the Whigs from power, carried Sumner to the Senate and crowned Liberty on Beacon Hill. It worked a revolution in Massachusetts, it wrought cMassachusetts, it wrought changes of the greatest magnitude in the free States. From this time the reign of discord became universal. The conflict between the sections increased in virulence. At the door of every man sat the fierce figure of strife. It fulmined from .the pulpit and frowned from the pews. The platforms of the free States resounded withands fled from their homes into the jaws of a Canadian winter to escape the jaws of the slave-hounds, whose fierce baying began presently to fill the land from Massachusetts to Ohio. It made no difference whether these miserable people had been always free or were fugitives from slavery, the terror spread among them all the same.
Framingham (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
with its slave compromises, was doomed. In the conflict then impending its dissolution was merely a matter of time, unless indeed the North should prove strong enough to preserve it by the might of its arms, seeing that the North still clung passionately to the idea of national unity. Not so, however, was it with Garrison. Sharper and sterner rose his voice against any union with slaveholders. On the Fourth of July following the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, the reformer at Framingham, Mass., gave a fresh and startling sign of his hatred of the Union by burning publicly the Constitution of the United States. Before doing so however, he consigned to the flames a copy of the Fugitive-Slave Law, next the decision of Judge Loring remanding Anthony Burns to slavery, also the charge of Judge Benjamin R. Curtis to the Grand Jury touching the assault upon the court-house for the rescue of Burns. Then holding up the United States Constitution, he branded it as the source and pare
United States (United States) (search for this): chapter 20
or a season, would it have held its political supremacy in America? But omnipotent as was the slave-power in the Government,o, and the temptation of adding fresh slave soil to the United States South, through her spoliation. Calhoun confessed that,in genuine Garrisonian fashion. Belief in Jesus in the United States had no vital influence on conduct or character. The chdenounced. Jesus is the most respectable person in the United States. (Great sensation and murmurs of disapprobation.) Jesus sits in the President's chair of the United States. (A thrill of horror here seemed to run through the assembly.) Zachary s. I will not allow you to assail the President of the United States. You shan't do it! bellowed the blackguard, shaking h the enactment of the hateful bill while Senator of the United States, had gone into Millard Fillmore's Cabinet, to labor yet power that made for liberty and against slavery in the United States. It had become such also in Great Britain. George Tho
Mexico (Mexico, Mexico) (search for this): chapter 20
ate had, unawares, slipped into the seat between the gamesters with hands full of loaded dice. At the first throw the South got Texas, at the second the war with Mexico fell out, and at the third new national territory lay piled upon the boards. Calhoun, the arch-annexationist, struggled desperately to avert the war. He saw ases of the Union for the political balance. The admission of Texas had made an adjustment of this balance in favor of the South. Calhoun's plan was to conciliate Mexico, to sweep with our diplomatic broom the gathering war-clouds from the national firmament. War, he knew, would imperil the freshly fortified position of his sectd against. He cried halt to his army, but the army heard not his voice, heeded not his orders, in the wild uproar and clamor which arose at the sight of helpless Mexico, and the temptation of adding fresh slave soil to the United States South, through her spoliation. Calhoun confessed that, with the breaking out of hostilities b
Oregon (Oregon, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
ional passion which the war had aroused. California and New Mexico became the strategic points of the slavery struggle at the close of the war. To open both to the immigration of slave-labor was thenceforth the grand design of the South. Over Oregon occurred a fierce preliminary trial of strength between the sections. The South was thrown in the contest, and the anti-slavery principle of the Ordinance of 1787 applied to the Territory. Calhoun, who was apparently of the mind that as OregonOregon went so would go California and New Mexico, was violently agitated by this reverse. The great strife between the North and the South is ended, he passionately declared. Immediately the charge was made and widely circulated through the slave States that the stronger was oppressing the weaker section, wresting from it its just share in the common fruits of common victories. For had not California and New Mexico been won by the bravery and blood of the South as of the North, and how then was th
Calhoun, Ky. (Kentucky, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
the conflict between the two halves of the Union for the political balance. The admission of Texas had made an adjustment of this balance in favor of the South. Calhoun's plan was to conciliate Mexico, to sweep with our diplomatic broom the gathering war-clouds from the national firmament. War, he knew, would imperil the freshlade proclamation that the Union, though not in form, was, nevertheless, in fact dissolved. And possibly they were right. The line of cleavage had at the date of Calhoun's announcement passed entirely through the grand strata of national life, industrial, moral, political, and religious. There remained indeed but a single bond ofate a crime, the consequences of which he shrank from inviting. The political conditions four years had indeed modified in one important particular at least. In Calhoun's lifetime, there was no Northern leader bold enough to undertake to engineer an act of abrogation through Congress. If the North were willing, possessed suffic
New England (United States) (search for this): chapter 20
ho asked his advice about flying, though originally free, and fearful only of being caught up by mistake. The distress everywhere was awful, the excitement indescribable. From Boston alone in the brief space of three weeks after the rescue of Shadrach, nearly a hundred of these panic-stricken creatures had fled. The whole number escaping into Canada Charles Sumner placed as high as six thousand souls. But in addition to this large band of fugitives, others emigrated to the interior of New England away from the seaboard centers of trade and commerce where the men-hunters abounded. The excitement and the perils of this period were not confined to the colored people. Their white friends shared both with them. We are indebted to Mr. Phillips for the following graphic account of these excitements and perils in Boston in March, 1851. He has been describing the situation in the city, in respect of the execution of the infamous law, to Elizabeth Pease, and goes on thus: I need not e
California (California, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
t aside by the momentum of the national passion which the war had aroused. California and New Mexico became the strategic points of the slavery struggle at the clory. Calhoun, who was apparently of the mind that as Oregon went so would go California and New Mexico, was violently agitated by this reverse. The great strife betfrom it its just share in the common fruits of common victories. For had not California and New Mexico been won by the bravery and blood of the South as of the Northies to slave immigration had transported the South to the verge of disunion. California, fought over by the two foes, was in the act of withdrawing herself from the ational ulcers and provoked fresh paroxysms of the disease. The admission of California as a free State was a sort of perpetual memento mori to the slavepower. It hthat power for the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. In 1850 the South lost California, but it received at the time an advantage of far-reaching consequence, viz.,
Utah (Utah, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
e Free Democracy as but another name for the iron reign of the slavepower, found almost instant illustration of its truth in the startling demand of that power for the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. In 1850 the South lost California, but it received at the time an advantage of far-reaching consequence, viz., the admission of the principle of federal non-intervention upon the subject of slavery in the national Territories into the bill organizing Territorial Governments for New Mexico and Utah. The train which was to blow down the slave wall of 1820 and open to slave immigration the northern half of the Louisiana Territory, was laid in the compromise measures of 1850. Calhoun, strongly dissatisfied as he was with the Missouri settlement, recoiled from countenancing any agitation on the part of the South looking to its repeal on the ground that such action was calculated to disturb the peace and harmony of the Union. But four years after the death of the great nullifier, his di
England (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 20
parties, Whig and Democratic, as well as of those already mentioned. Uncle Tom's Cabin might fairly be classed among the large indirect results produced by Garrison. But as Phillips justly remarked, Uncle Tom would never have been written had not Garrison developed the facts; and never would have succeeded had he not created readers and purchasers. Garrisonism had become an influence, a power that made for liberty and against slavery in the United States. It had become such also in Great Britain. George Thompson, writing the pioneer of the marvelous sale of Uncle Tom in England, and of the unprecedented demand for anti-slavery literature, traced their source to his friend: Behold the fruit of your labors, he exclaimed, and rejoice. Mr. Garrison's pungent characterization of the Union at the dinner of the Free Democracy as but another name for the iron reign of the slavepower, found almost instant illustration of its truth in the startling demand of that power for the repeal
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