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Providence, R. I. (Rhode Island, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
hes, Thursday to other societies, Friday to persons afflicted, and Saturday to his own soul. He must have private fasts, spending whole days locked in his study and whole nights prostrate on the floor. Cotton Mather thought himself starved, unless he fasted once a month at farthest, while he often did it twice in a week. Then there were public fasts quite frequently, because of sins, blasting, mildews, drought, grasshoppers, caterpillars, small-pox, loss of cattle by cold and frowns of Providence. Perhaps a mouse and a snake had a battle in the neighborhood, and the minister must expound it as symbolizing the conflict betwixt Satan and God's poor people, the latter being the mouse triumphant. Then if there were a military expedition, the minister might think it needful to accompany it. If there were even a muster, he must open and close it with prayer, or, in his absence, the captain must officiate instead. One would naturally add to this record of labors the attendance on wed
Geneva (Switzerland) (search for this): chapter 8
, removing his cocked hat, he walks before his superior officer. The minister enters and passes up the aisle, dressed in Geneva cloak, black skull-cap, and black gloves open at thumb and finger, for the better handling of his manuscript. He looks ror Bellingham, in 1641, officiated at his own. Prayer was absolutely forbidden at funerals, as was done also by Calvin at Geneva, by John Knox in Scotland, by the English Puritans in the Westminster Assembly, and by the French Huguenots. The bell mielf had allowed the old men to play at bowls and the young men to practise military training, after afternoon service, at Geneva. Down to 1769 not even a funeral could take place on Sunday in Massachusetts, without license from a magistrate. Then tnitely and seriously as any other. In Scotland four thousand had suffered death for it in ten years; Cologne, Nuremberg, Geneva, Paris, were executing hundreds every year; even in 1749 a girl was burnt alive in Wurtzburg; and is it strange, if, duri
United States (United States) (search for this): chapter 8
ary hath chosen the better part, which shall not be taken away from her, and the discourse was duly pronounced. But when her wild young sister Abby was bent on marrying a certain Squire Adams, called John, whom her father disliked and would not even invite to dinner, she boldly suggested for her text, John came, neither eating bread nor drinking wine, and ye say he hath a devil. But no sermon stands recorded under this prefix, y though Abby lived to be the wife of one President of the United States and mother of another. The Puritan minister had public duties also upon him. New England being a country, said Cotton Mather, whose interests are remarkably enwrapped in theological circumstances, ministers ought to interest themselves in politics. Indeed, for many years they virtually controlled the franchise, inasmuch as only male church-members could vote or hold office, at least in the Massachusetts Colony. Those malecontents who petitioned to enlarge the suffrage were fined and
Newbury, Mass. (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
, to exchange for £ 120 in solid cash. Solid cash included beaver-skins, black and white wampum, beads, and musket-balls, value one farthing. Mr. Woodbridge in Newbury at this same time had £ 60, and Mr. Epes preached in Salem for twenty shillings a Sunday, half in money and half in provisions. Holy Mr. Cotton used to say that odest monograph never could have been written. As for the minister's horse, the moral sentiment of the community protected him faithfully; for a man was fined in Newbury for killing our elder's mare, and a special good beast she was. The minister's house was built by the town; in Salem it was 13 feet stud, 23 by 42, four chimniesthem: in portraits later than 1700 they usually replace the black skull-cap of earlier pictures, and in 1752 the tables had so far turned that a church-member in Newbury refused communion because the pastor wears a wigg. Yet Increase Mather thought they played no small part in producing the Boston Fire. Monstrous Periwigs, such
Watertown (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
of two centuries ago, lest that which was not called wearisome in the passing prove wearisome in the delineation now. It needed all this delineation of small details to show how widely the externals of New England church-going have changed since those early days. But what must have been the daily life of that Puritan minister for whom this exhausting service was but one portion of the task of life! Truly, they were pious and painfull preachers then, as I have read upon a stone in the old Watertown graveyard;--princely preachers Cotton Mather calls them. He relates that Mr. Cotton, in addition to preaching on Sunday and holding his ordinary lecture every Thursday, preached thrice a week besides, on Wednesday and Thursday early in the morning, and on Saturday afternoon. He also held a daily lecture in his house, which was at last abandoned as being too much thronged, and frequent occasional days occurred, when he would spend six hours in the word and in prayer. On his voyage to this
College (Alaska, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
eenthly from his own lips was more relishing than to have the best Double X go in. In spite of the dignity of this influential class, they were called only Elders for a long time. Titles were carefully adjusted in those days. The commonalty bore the appellations of Goodman and Goodwife, and one of Roger Williams's offences was his wishing to limit these terms to those who gave some signs of deserving them. The name Mr. was allowed to those who had taken the degree of Master of Arts at College, and also to professional men, eminent merchants, military officers, and mates of vessels, and their wives and daughters monopolized the epithet Mrs. Mr. Josiah Plastow, when he had stolen four baskets of corn from the Indians, was degraded into plain Josiah. Mr. seems to have meant simply My Sir, and the clergy were often called Sir merely, a title given also to college graduates, on Commencement programmes, down to the time of the Revolution. And so strong was the Puritan dislike to the
Puritan (Ohio, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
hanged since those early days. But what must have been the daily life of that Puritan minister for whom this exhausting service was but one portion of the task of l abundant enough at that day, though somewhat grim and dingy, and two complete Puritan libraries are preserved in the rich collection of the American Antiquarian Soc three days of solitary fasting and prayer to wean him. He was not the only Puritan minister who bestowed his heart somewhat strangely. Rev. John Mitchell, who s the unjust. Toleration was a new-born virtue in those days, and one which no Puritan ever for a moment recognized as such, or asked to have exercised toward himsell vigor as lately as 1705. A youth among the Friends wished to espouse a fair Puritan maiden; but the Quakers disapproved his marrying out of their society, and the; I will not answer you, and so ran away. It contradicts all one's notions of Puritan propriety, and yet it seems that the good man, finding afterwards that the boy
Salem (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
re our eyes? If it be Cambridge village, the warning drum is beating its peaceful summons to the congregation. If it be Salem village, a bell is sounding its more ecclesiastic peal, and a red flag is simultaneously hung forth from the meeting-houds, and musket-balls, value one farthing. Mr. Woodbridge in Newbury at this same time had £ 60, and Mr. Epes preached in Salem for twenty shillings a Sunday, half in money and half in provisions. Holy Mr. Cotton used to say that nothing was cheap n Newbury for killing our elder's mare, and a special good beast she was. The minister's house was built by the town; in Salem it was 13 feet stud, 23 by 42, four chimnies, and no gable-ends, --so that the House with Seven Gables belonged to somebooutly, quoting Paul, as usual in such cases; so Paul, veils, and vanity carried the day. But afterward Mr. Cotton came to Salem to preach for Mr. Skelton, and did not miss his chance to put in his solemn protest against veils; he said they were a cu
Accomack (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
the civil authorities had decided, that, though it was unsafe to set him at liberty, they yet had no ground to put him to death, the matter was finally referred to five elders, and Uncas was straightway authorized to slay him in cold blood. The Pequots were first defeated and then exterminated, and their heroic King Philip, a patriot according to his own standard, was hunted like a wild beast, his body quartered and set on poles, his head exposed as a trophy for twenty years on a gibbet in Plymouth, and one of his hands sent to Boston: then the ministers returned thanks, and one said that they had prayed the bullet into Philip's heart. Nay, it seems that in 1677, on a Sunday in Marblehead, the women, as they came out of the meetinghouse, fell upon two Indians, that had been brought in as captives, and in a tumultuous way very barbarously murdered them, in revenge for the death of some fishermen: a moral application which throws a singular light on the style of gospel prevailing insid
Adam (Florida, United States) (search for this): chapter 8
ourse, which I have seen in manuscript, arranged under twelve different heads,--one of which treats of the prospect of his valuable life being preserved longer by her care. She having children of her own, he offers mysteriously to put some of his own children out of the way, if necessary,--a hint which becomes formidable when one remembers that he was the author of that once famous theological poem, The day of doom, in which he relentingly assigned to infants, because they had sinned only in Adam, the easiest room in hell. But he wedded the lady, and they were apparently as happy as if he had not been a theologian; and I have seen the quaint little heart-shaped locket he gave her, bearing an anchor and a winged heart and Thine forever. Let us glance now at some of the larger crosses of the Puritan minister. First came a young brood of heretics to torment him. Gorton's followers were exasperating enough; they had to be confined in irons separately, one in each town, on pain of de
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