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England (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 4
r campaign. March—August, 1862. I. Before Yorktown. To take up an army of over one hundred thousand men, transport it and all its immense material by water, and plant it down on a new theatre of operations near two hundred miles distant, is an enterprise the details of which must be studied ere its colossal magnitude can be adequately apprehended. Perhaps the best light in which such an operation may be read is furnished in Napoleon's elaborate Notes on his intended invasion of Great Britain in 1805, when he proposed to transport an army of one hundred and fifty thousand men in four thousand vessels from Boulogne to the English coast. As a military operation, there is, of course, no comparison to be made, because the Army of the Potomac had at Fortress Monroe an assured base in advance. It is simply as a material enterprise that there is a similarity. These notes are given in the collection of Memoirs dictated to Montholon and Gourgaud (Historical Miscellanies, vol. II.,
Beaver Dam (Wisconsin, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
the 26th of June, the intelligence which McClellan received from his outposts left no doubt of Jackson's approach, and, divining now the true nature of Lee's move, he resolved to withdraw his right wing under General Porter from its position at Beaver Dam, where it was too far from the main body and too much in the air. The answer to the question, what should be done with the right wing, would determine the entire situation. The disclosure of Lee's bold initiative made action indispensable. -seven thousand against sixty thousand,—an overweight of opposition that lent to the task assigned to Porter almost the character of a forlorn hope. In execution of this design, the greater part of the heavy guns and wagons were removed from Beaver Dam to the south bank of the Chickahominy during the night of the 26th; and shortly before daylight the delicate operation of withdrawing the troops to the position where it was determined to make the new stand, was commenced and skilfully and suc
Turin (Italy) (search for this): chapter 4
ld of McClellan's communications with White House, and the Confederate force on the Richmond side of the Chickahominy imperilled his line of retreat to the James River. To have given general battle on the north bank would, therefore, have been to risk his army without an assured line of retreat. This is something which even Napoleon was unwilling to do. Discussing the lines of conduct open to him after crossing the Alps into Italy, he says: Of these three courses, the first—to march upon Turin—was contrary to the true principles of war, as the French would run the risk of fighting without having a certain retreat, Fort Bard not being then taken. Gour-gaud and Montholon: Memoirs of Napoleon, vol. i., p. 276. The second project, that of making a counter-move on Richmond, would have been correct and at the same time very bold and brilliant. Such an operation has several illustrious precedents, of which one of the best known and most striking is Turenne's counter to Montecuculi
Malvern Hill (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
ckson by moving direct on the lower bridges of the Chickahominy, and even on Malvern Hill, to interrupt the movement to the James River. He resolved, therefore, to eto the region looking out towards the James; the artillery-parks had gained Malvern Hill, and the van of the army had already reached the river, the sight of which ws found occupying a commanding ridge, extending obliquely across Sketch of Malvern Hill. the line of march, in advance of Malvern Hill. In front of this strong posMalvern Hill. In front of this strong position the ground was open, varying in width from a quarter to half a mile, sloping gradually from the crest, and giving a free field of fire. The approaches were overmy, prepared to receive final battle. The left and centre were posted on Malvern Hill, an elevated plateau about a mile and a half by three-fourths of a mile in athe main effort would be made against his left, General Mc-Clellan posted on Malvern Hill heavy masses of infantry and artillery. Porter's corps held the left, and t
Petersburg, Va. (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
nor since that action delivered a battle so ill-judged in conception, or so faulty in its details of execution. It was as bad as the worst blunders ever committed on the Union side; but he profited by the experiment, and never repeated it. Victorious though the Army of the Potomac was on the field of Malvern, the position was not one that could be held; for the army was under the imperious necessity of reaching its supplies. During the night, accordingly, the troops were withdrawn to Harrison's Bar, on the James. Colonel Averill, with a regiment of cavalry, a brigade of regular infantry, and a battery, covered the rear. Lee threw forward Stuart (who with his troopers had been absent during the whole pursuit on an expedition to White House and the lower fords of the Chickahominy, and only rejoined the army after the battle of Malvern), and followed up with columns of infantry; but finding that McClellan had taken up a strong position, he retired on the 8th of July, and took his
Berwick City (Louisiana, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
In vain General McClellan urged the real motive of the raid—to prevent re-enforcements from reaching him. Deaf to all sounds of reason, the war-council at Washington, like the Dutch States-General, of whom Prince Eugene said, that always interfering, they were always dying with fear, This expression of Prince Eugene is used by him in a passage of his Memoirs, descriptive of an event curiously analogous to that to which the above text has relation: Marlborough, says he, sent me word that Berwick having re-enforced the duke of Burgundy, the army, which was now a hundred and twenty thousand strong, had marched to the assistance of Lisle. The deputies from the States-General, always interfering, and always dying with fear, demanded of me a re-enforcement for him, etc.—Memoirs of Prince Eugene, p. 106. heard only the reverberations of the guns of the redoubtable Jackson. To head off Jackson, if possible to catch Jackson, seemed now the one important thing; and the result of the cogit
Fredericksburg, Va. (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
a column under McDowell, which was about to move from Fredericksburg towards Richmond. As this circumstance exercised a coes as to insure the junction of McDowell's column from Fredericksburg with the force before Richmond. The former purpose waeneral McDowell with a force of thirty thousand men at Fredericksburg on the Rappahannock. It need hardly be said that this of McDowell's force, when it should move forward from Fredericksburg. It should not be forgotten that this was the contrs column had already been pushed eight miles south of Fredericksburg; and McClellan, to clear all opposition from his path, at Washington. The order for McDowell's advance from Fredericksburg, to unite with McClellan, was instantly countermandedco-operate with Fremont; that his line of advance from Fredericksburg to Front Royal was much longer than the enemy's line oy—to wit, the expected march of McDowell's column from Fredericksburg for the purpose of joining the Army of the Potomac—and
Chickahominy (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
tion of a column from the north bank of the Chickahominy. Upon first learning the state of affair effective strength on the left bank of the Chickahominy for the protection of that line,—a situatioof the whole force to the right bank of the Chickahominy, abandoning the line of the York, and then by his manoeuvres on the north bank of the Chickahominy, should have uncovered the passage of the s in the movement down the north bank of the Chickahominy, the columns were brought to a halt by a paraw Porter's corps to the south bank of the Chickahominy and effect with his united army a change ofd from Beaver Dam to the south bank of the Chickahominy during the night of the 26th; and shortly bid, for the troops on the south bank of the Chickahominy had at the same time their attention fully riven back to the woods on the banks of the Chickahominy. Stonewall Jackson, in his official repoge, was to sweep down the south bank of the Chickahominy. Now, when Sumner, on the morning of the[3 more...]
Fortress Monroe (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
son to be made, because the Army of the Potomac had at Fortress Monroe an assured base in advance. It is simply as a materiahad been transported from Alexandria and Washington to Fortress Monroe an army of one hundred and twenty-one thousand five huof the Third Corps (Heintzelman's), which embarked for Fortress Monroe on the 17th of March. It was followed by Porter's divansports could be supplied. General McClellan reached Fortress Monroe on the 2d of April, and by that time there had arrivedgation, and by land is distant seventy-five miles from Fortress Monroe. From Fortress Monroe the advance was made in two cFortress Monroe the advance was made in two columns—General Keyes with the Fourth Corps (divisions of Couch and Smith) formed the left; and General Heintzelman with the Teral Magruder. When the Army of the Potomac landed at Fortress Monroe, this force numbered about eleven thousand men. At Nors occupied by a Union force, led by General Wool, from Fortress Monroe. One important consequence of the evacuation of Norfol
Napoleon (Ohio, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
IV. the Peninsular campaign. March—August, 1862. I. Before Yorktown. To take up an army of over one hundred thousand men, transport it and all its immense material by water, and plant it down on a new theatre of operations near two hundred miles distant, is an enterprise the details of which must be studied ere its colossal magnitude can be adequately apprehended. Perhaps the best light in which such an operation may be read is furnished in Napoleon's elaborate Notes on his intended invasion of Great Britain in 1805, when he proposed to transport an army of one hundred and fifty thousand men in four thousand vessels from Boulogne to the English coast. As a military operation, there is, of course, no comparison to be made, because the Army of the Potomac had at Fortress Monroe an assured base in advance. It is simply as a material enterprise that there is a similarity. These notes are given in the collection of Memoirs dictated to Montholon and Gourgaud (Historical Misc
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