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Shawnee, Kansas (Kansas, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
r, 410. far north of the head waters of the Mobile River, on their way to the country of the Muskhogees. It was about the year 1698, that three or four score of their Logan, Mss. families, with the consent of the government of Pennsylvania, removed from Carolina, and planted themselves on the Susquehannah. Sad were the fruits of that hospitality. Others followed; and when, in 1732, the number of Indian fighting men in Pennsylvania was estimated to be seven hundred, one half of them were Shawnee emigrants. So desolate was the wilderness, that a vagabond tribe could wander undisturbed from Cumberland River to the Alabama, from the head waters of the Santee to the Susquehannah. The Miamis were more stable, and their own traditions preserve the memory of their ancient limits. My forefather, said the Miami orator Little Turtle, Chap XXII.} at Greenville, kindled the first fire at Detroit; from thence he extended his lines to the head waters of American State Papers, IV. 570, 57
Michigan (Michigan, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
t country; yet the Miamis occupied its southern moiety, and their principal mission was founded by Allouez on the banks of the St. Joseph, within the present state of Michigan. The Illinois were kindred to the Miamis, and their country lay between the Wabash, the Ohio, and the Mississippi. Marquette found a village of them on tJoutel scarcely three or four villages. On the discovery of America, the number of the scattered tenants of the territory which now forms the states of Ohio and Michigan, of Indiana, and Illinois, and Kentucky, could hardly have exceeded eighteen thousand. In the early part of the eighteenth century, the Po- Chap. XXII.} tawa wigwam could be encountered. Vermont, and North-western Massachusetts, and much of New Hampshire, were solitudes; Ohio, a part of Indiana, the largest part of Michigan, remained open to Indian emigration long after America began to be colonized by Europeans. From the portage between the Fox and the Wisconsin to the Des Moines,
Nova Scotia (Canada) (search for this): chapter 4
Chapter XXII The aborigines East of the Mississippi. on the surrender of Acadia to England, the lakes, Chap XXII.} the rivulets, the granite ledges, of Cape Breton,—of which the irregular outline is guarded by reefs of rocks, and notched and almost rent asunder by the constant action of the sea,—were immediately occu- Pichon, 3 pied as a province of France; and, in 1714, fugitives from Newfoundland and Acadia built their huts along its coasts wherever safe inlets invited fishermen to spAcadia built their huts along its coasts wherever safe inlets invited fishermen to spread their flakes, and the soil, to plant fields and gardens. In a few years, the fortifications of Louisburg 1720. began to rise—the key to the St. Lawrence, the bulwark of the French fisheries, and of French commerce in North America. From Cape Breton, the dominion of Louis XIV. extended up the St. Lawrence to Lake Superior, and from that lake, through the whole course of the Mississippi, to the Gulf of Mexico and the Bay of Mobile. Just beyond that bay began the posts of the Spaniards, w<
Augusta (Georgia, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
emselves. Who can say for how many centuries, safe in their undiscovered fastnesses, they had decked their war-chiefs with the feathers of the eagle's tail, and listened to the counsels of their old beloved men? Who can tell Adair, 31, 33 how often the waves of barbarous migrations may have broken harmlessly against their cliffs, where nature was the strong ally of the defenders of their land? VI. South-east of the Cherokees dwelt the Uchees. They claimed the country above and below Augusta, and, at the earliest period respecting which we can surmise, seem not to have extended beyond the Chata-hoo-chee; yet they boast to have been the oldest inhabitants of that region. They now constitute an inconsiderable band in the Creek confederacy, and Chap XXII.} are known as a distinct family, not from political organization, but from their singularly harsh and guttural language. When first discovered, they were but a remnant,—bewildering the inquirer by favoring the conjecture, tha
Anahuac (Chihuahua, Mexico) (search for this): chapter 4
uainted with the skill and manners of the barbarians, Schoolcraft. the character of the drawing suggests its Algonquin origin. Scandinavians may have reached the shores of Labrador; the soil of the United States has not one vestige of their presence. An ingenious writer on the maritime history of the De Guignes Acad. des Inscrip. t. XXVIII. Chinese, finds traces of their voyages to America in the fifth century, and thus opens an avenue for Asiatic science to pass into the kingdom of Anahuac; but the theory refutes itself. If Chinese traders or emigrants came so recently to America, there would be customs and language to give evidence of it. Nothing is so indelible as speech: sounds that, in ages of unknown antiquity, were spoken among the nations of Hindostan, still live in their significancy in the language which we daily utter. The winged word cleaves its way through time, as well as through space. If Chinese came to civilize, and came so recently, the shreds of Asiatic c
Cape Fear (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
ilgrims to Plymouth. It was heard from the Bay of Gaspe to the valley of the Des Moines; from Cape Fear, and, it may be, from the Savannah, to the land of the Esquimaux; from the Cumberland River of to the southward of the Neuse River, spoke a kindred language—thus Lawson, 171. establishing Cape Fear as the southern limit of the Algonquin speech. In Virginia, the same language was heard thr Along Roberts' Florida, 13. the sea, their northern limit seems to have extended almost to Cape Fear; at least, the tribes with which Chap XXII.} the settlers at Charleston first waged war, are spread from the Kinaizian Gulf to Hudson's Bay; the Algonquin was spoken from the Missinipi to Cape Fear; the Dahcotas extend from the Saskatchawan beyond the basin of the Arkansas. It would not be the Atlantic coast, as if to indicate that it had never been a thoroughfare, one extended from Cape Fear to the Esquimaux; on the west, between the latitude of forty degrees and the Esquimaux, there
Vermont (Vermont, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
f New York. The immediate dominion of the Iroquois—where the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas, were first visited by the trader, the missionary, or the war parties of the French—stretched, as we have seen, from the borders of Vermont to Western New York, from the lakes to the head waters of the Ohio, the Susquehannah, and the Delaware. The number of Relation 1660. their warriors was declared by the French, in 1660, to Chalmars, 507-609. have been two thousand two hundred;usand. In the heart of a wilderness, a few cabins seemed like a city; and to the pilgrim, who had walked for weeks without meeting a human being, a territory would appear densely peopled where, in every few days, a wigwam could be encountered. Vermont, and North-western Massachusetts, and much of New Hampshire, were solitudes; Ohio, a part of Indiana, the largest part of Michigan, remained open to Indian emigration long after America began to be colonized by Europeans. From the portage betwe
Connecticut (Connecticut, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
in the wilderness. Of the Pokanokets, who dwelt round Mount Hope, and were sovereigns over Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, and a part of Cape Cod; of the Narragansetts, who dwelt between the bay that bears their name and the present limits of Connecticut, holding dominion over Rhode Island and its vicinity, as well as a part Chap XXII.} of Long Island,—the most civilized of the northern nations; of the Pequods, the branch of the Mohegans Gookin c. II. that occupied the eastern part of ConneConnecticut, and ruled a part of Long Island,—earliest victims to the Europeans,—I have already related the overthrow. The country between the banks of the Connecticut and the Hudson was possessed by independent villages of the Mohegans, kindred with the Manhattans, whose few smokes once rose amidst the forests on New York Island. The Lenni Lenape, in their two divisions of the Minsi and the Delawares, occupied New Jersey, the valley of the Delaware far up towards the sources of that river, and <
Alaska (Alaska, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
Beechey's Voyage to Behring's Straits. ure a fraction less than forty-four geographical miles; and three small islands divide the distance. But within the latitude of fifty-five degrees, the Aleutian Isles stretch from the great promontory of Alaska so far to the west, that the last of the archipelago is but three hundred and sixty geographical miles from the east of Kamschatka; and that distance is so divided by the Mednoi Island and the group of Behring, that, were boats to pass from islet to islet from Kamschatka to Alaska, the longest navigation in the open sea would not exceed two hundred geographical miles, and at no moment need the mariner be more A. Humboldt's N. E. II. 501, &c. than forty leagues distant from land: and a chain of thickly-set isles extends from the south of Kamschatka to Corea. Now, the Micmac on the north-east of our continent would, in his frail boat, venture thirty or forty leagues out at sea: a Micmac savage, then, steering from isle to isle, might in
Lake Erie (United States) (search for this): chapter 4
t Michilimackinac, and afterwards near the post of Detroit. Thus the Wyandots within our borders were emigrants from Canada. Having a mysterious influence over the Algonquin tribes, and making treaties with the Five Nations, they spread along Lake Erie, and, leaving to the Miamis the country beyond the Miami of the Lakes, they gradually acquired a claim to the whole territory from that river to the western boundary of New York. The immediate dominion of the Iroquois—where the Mohawks, Oneis absolute lords over the conquered Lenape,—the peninsula of Upper Canada was their hunting-field by right of war; they had exterminated the Eries and the Andastes, both tribes of their own family, the one dwelling on the south-eastern banks of Lake Erie, the other on the head waters of the Ohio; they had triumphantly invaded the tribes of the west as far as Illinois; their warriors had reached the soil of Kentucky and Western Virginia; and England, to whose alliance they steadily inclined, ava
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