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d avowed only the intention to resist encroachments on her territory; and when the French ambassador at London expressed some uneasiness on the occasion, he was assured that certainly the English would not begin. Flassan: Histoire de la Diplomatie Francoise, VI., 84. At six o'clock, on the evening of the 7th of June, the Alcide, the Lys, and the Dauphin, that had for several days been separated from their squadron, fell in with the British fleet off Cape Race, the southernmost point of Newfoundland. Between ten and eleven in the morning of the eighth, the Alcide, under Hocquart, was within hearing of the Dunkirk, a vessel of sixty guns, commanded by Howe. Are we at peace or war? asked Hocquart. The French affirm, that the answer to them was, Peace, Peace; till Boscawen gave the signal to engage. Precis des Faits, 278. Walpole's Memoires of Geo. II., i., 889. Barrow's Life of Howe. Howe, who was as brave as he was taciturn, obeyed the order promptly; and the Alcide and Lys y
lly protected by the sanctity of treaties. Of a sudden, hostile orders were issued to all British vessels of war to take all French vessels, private as well as public; and, without warning, ships from the French colonies, the ships bound from Martinico to Marseilles, freighted with the rich products of plantations tilled by the slaves of the Jesuits, De Tocqueville: Histoire Philosophique du regne de Louis XV. II. 287. the fishing-smacks in which the humble Breton mariners ventured to Newfoundland, whale-ships returning from their adventures, the scanty fortunes with which poor men freighted the little barks engaged in the coasting trade, were within one month, by violence and by cowardly artifices, seized by the British marine, and carried into English ports. What has taken place, wrote Rouille, under the eye of Louis the Fifteenth, is nothing but a system of piracy on a grand scale, unworthy of a civilized people. In time of full peace, merchant-ships have been seized, to the v
other person's sentiments. Rigby in Wiffen, II. 472. See also Bedford Corr. I, said Newcastle, envy him that spirit more than his great fortune and abilities. But the union between France and Spain was already so far consummated, that, in connection with the French memorial, Bussy had on the fifteenth of July presented a note, requiring England to afford no succour to the king of Prussia, and a private paper, demanding, on behalf of Spain, indemnity for seizures, the right to fish at Newfoundland, and the demolition of the English settlements in the Bay of Honduras. These differences, if not adjusted, gave room, it was said, to fear a fresh war in Europe and America. This note and this memorial, containing the men- chap. XVII.} 1761. July. ace of a Spanish war, gave Pitt the ascendency. To the private intercession of the king he yielded but a little, and in appearance only, on the subject of the fishery. I was overruled, said he afterwards, I was overruled, not by the foreig