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George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 6, 10th edition., The crisis (search)
to universal acceptance. John Adams: Diary, 203. Though irritable, he was also placable, and at heart was truly loyal. Bernard ostentatiously Chap. XXV.} 1766. May. negatived the choice. The negative, as unwise as it was unusual, excited in the whole colony Compare Boston Gazette, 17 6 November, 1766; 607, 1, 1. undefined apprehensions of danger; but the House, deferring to legal right, acquiesced without complaint, and substituted as its Speaker the respectable but irresolute Thomas Cushing. In the afternoon of the same day, at the choice of the Council, the four Judges of the Supreme Court, of whom Hutchinson was the Chief, the King's Attorney, and Oliver, the Secretary and late Stamp-master, all Members of the last year's Board, were not reelected; for, said Samuel Adams, upon the principle of the best writers, a union of the several powers of government in one person is dangerous to liberty. Samuel Adams to Dennys De Berdt, 1766. The ballot had conformed strictly t
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 6, 10th edition., Chapter 30: (search)
ber, 1767. 654, 2, 2. men were convinced that arbitrary will might be made the sole rule of government by a concert with Parliament; and they called to mind the words of Locke, that when the constitution is broken by the obstinacy of the Prince, the people must appeal to Heaven. Boston Gazette, 19 Oct. 1767; 655, 1, 1 and 2. Locke on Civil Government, c. XIV. The nation had the right to resist; and they who deserved to enjoy liberty would find the means. A petition to the Governor Cushing and others to Bernard, 7 Oct. 1767. to convene the Legislature having been rejected with contempt, Bernard to Shelburne, 8 and 15 of October. the inhabitants of Boston, ever sensitive to the sound of Liberty, Hutchinson to [T. Pownall, probably,] 10 Nov. 1767. assembled on the twenty-eighth of October, in Town Meeting, and voted to forbear the importation and use of a great number of articles of British produce and manufacture. They appointed a committee for obtaining a general subsc
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 6, 10th edition., Chapter 36: (search)
ily dissolved; and Bernard refused to issue writs for a new one; so that the legislative rights of the Colony were suspended. The Town therefore, following the precedent of 1688, proposed a Convention in Faneuil Hall. To this body they elected Cushing, Otis, Samuel Adams, and Hancock, a committee to represent them; and directed their Selectmen to inform the several towns of the Province of their design. Compare Edmund Burke's Speech, 8 Nov. 1768, in Cavendish, i. 39. Such an order to a Govanding army; against the danger to the liberties of America from a united body of pensioners and soldiers. Boston Gazette, 10 October, 1768, contains the letter from the Convention to De Berdt, dated Boston, 27 September, 1768, and signed, Thomas Cushing, Chairman. They renewed their Petition to the King, which they enjoined their Agent to deliver in person as speedily as possible. They resolved to preserve good order, by the aid of the civil magistrate alone. While the people, said they, w
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 6, 10th edition., Chapter 38: (search)
ity. But most men ex pressed contempt for them, as having made a vain bluster. The apparent success, of which the account reached London just four days before the meeting of Parliament, was regarded as a victory. Americans in London were told with a sneer that they should soon have the company of Otis and others. Letter from London, 20 Nov. 1768; in Boston Gazette, 721, 3, 3, of 23 Jan. 1769. No one doubted but that, on the arrival of the additional regiments sent from Ireland, he and Cushing, and sixteen other members of the late political assemblies, would be arrested. Frances to Choiseul, 4 Nov. 1768. Hillsborough hastened to send Bernard's dispatches to the Attorney and Solicitor General, asking what crimes had been committed, and if the guilty were to be impeached by Parliament. Hillsborough to the Attorney and Solicitor General, 6 Nov 1768. The King, in his Speech Parliamentary History, XVI. 469. on the eighth of November, railed at the spirit of faction break
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 6, 10th edition., Chapter XLI (search)
on in the British Government, they complained that their accusations which had, as they thought, been fully certified, had not been noticed at Westminster for Treason. The choice of Representatives showed the sense of the people. The town of Boston, on coming together, demanded the withdrawal of the soldiery during the election; but they were only confined within the barracks while the ballot was taken. Of five hundred and eight votes that were cast, the four old representatives, Otis, Cushing, Samuel Adams, and Hancock, received more than five hundred. They were instructed to insist on the departure of the army from the town and Province; and not to pay any thing towards its support. Bradford's Hist of Mass. i. 180. Of the ninety-two who voted not to rescind, eighty-one, probably all who were candidates, were re-elected; of the seventeen rescinders, only five. Especially Salem condemned the conduct of its former representatives and substituted two Sons of Liberty in th
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 6, 10th edition., Chapter 48: (search)
ike above lukewarm indifference and the morbid frenzy of passion. His stern will, guided by light from an eternal source, was never led astray by anger, and never faltered from despondency. America may assert her rights by resolves, insinuated Cushing; but before enforcing them, she must wait to grow more powerful. We are at a crisis, was the answer; this is the moment to decide whether our posterity shall inherit liberty or slavery. A new petition, signed by one hundred and six inhabitanings and invite the other Colonies to join. Hutchinson to a Friend in England, I suppose Sir Francis Bernard, 14 June, 1773. I had the fullest evidence, &c. &c. The motion was readily adopted; but it was difficult to raise the Committee. Cushing, Hancock, and Phillips, three of the four Representatives of Boston, S. Cooper to B. Franklin, 15 March, 1773; Franklin, VIII. 37; Hutchinson to John Pownall, 19 April, 1773; Boston Gazette, 918, 2, 2, and other letters. pleaded private busi
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 6, 10th edition., Chapter 49: (search)
pt. 1773; The hint of a Congress is nothing new; it is what they have been aiming at the two last sessions. Same to Same, 7 Jan. 1773; Hutchinson to a person not named, 19 Feb. 1773; Same to I. Mauduit, 21 Feb. 1773; Same to General Mackay, 23 Feb. 1773. When the Assembly met, Hutchinson to John Pownall, 24 Feb. 1773. the Speaker transmitted the proceedings of the Town of Boston for organizing the provincial Committees of Correspondence to Richard Henry Lee of Virginia. The letter of Cushing seems to be lost; its purport appears from the unpublished answer of R. H. Lee to T. Gushing, Lee Hall, Potomack Virginia, 13 Feb. 1773. The Governor, in his Speech to the two Houses, with calculating malice summoned them to admit or disprove the supremacy of Parliament. The disorder in the Government he attributed to the denial of that supremacy, which he undertook to establish by arguments derived from the history of the Colony, its Charter, and English law. I know of no line, he sai
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 6, 10th edition., Chapter 50: (search)
bear their grievances. Our natural increase in wealth and population, said he, will in a course of years settle this dispute in our favor; whereas, if we persist in denying the right of Parliament to legislate for us, they may think us extravagant in our demands, and there will be great danger of bringing on a rupture fatal to both countries. He thought the redress of grievances would more surely come if these high points about the supreme authority of Parliament were to fall asleep. T. Cushing to Arthur Lee, 20 Sept. 1773. Against this feeble advice, the Boston Committee of Correspondence aimed at the union of the Province, and the Confederacy of the whole Continent of America. They refused to waive the claim of right, which could only Chap. L.} 1773. Sept. divide the Americans in sentiment and confuse their counsels. What oppressions, they asked in their circular to all the other towns, may we not expect in another seven years, if through a weak credulity, while the most ar
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 6, 10th edition., Chapter 51: (search)
ple and Whately, Chap. LI.} 1773. Dec. without witnesses; then newspaper altercations on the incidents of the meeting; till another duel seemed likely to ensue. Cushing, the timid Speaker of the Massachusetts Assembly, to whom the letters had been officially transmitted, begged that he might not be known as having received them, me the Ministry and the courtiers expressed their rage against him; and talked of his dismissal from Chap. LI.} 1774. Jan. office, of his arrest, Franklin to Cushing, 15 Feb. 1774; in Works IV. 108, confirmed by the letter of Dartmouth to Gen. Gage, of 3 June, 1774. and imprisonment at Newgate; of a search among his papers forts to begin the work, by making compensation to the East India Company before any compulsive mea- Chap LI.} 1774. Feb. sures were thought of. Franklin to Thomas Cushing, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, William Phillips. Ms. letter in my possession. But events were to proceed as they had been ordered. Various measures were talke
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 6, 10th edition., Chapter 52: (search)
not be warned. The sense of the English people was manifestly with them; Compare Rochford to Stormont, 20 May, 1774; Burke to New-York, 6 April. they were persuaded that there was no middle way, that procrastination and irresolution had produced numberless evils, but never yet cured one; Compare Stormont to Rochford, 23 March, 1774. that the American Continent would not interpose to shield Boston from the necessity of submission. Arthur Lee to S. Adams, 18 March, 1774; Franklin to Cushing, 2 April, 1774; and Shelburne to Chatham, 3 Feb. 1774. On the seventh of March Dartmouth and North presented to the two Houses a message from the King. Nothing, said Lord North, can be done to reestablish peace without additional powers from Parliament.—The question now brought to issue, said Rice, on moving the Address, which was to Chap. LII.} 1774. March pledge Parliament to the exertion of every means in its power, is, whether the Colonies are or are not the Colonies of Great Br