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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 316 12 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition. 152 0 Browse Search
George P. Rowell and Company's American Newspaper Directory, containing accurate lists of all the newspapers and periodicals published in the United States and territories, and the dominion of Canada, and British Colonies of North America., together with a description of the towns and cities in which they are published. (ed. George P. Rowell and company) 70 0 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10 48 0 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 5, 13th edition. 44 0 Browse Search
Francis Jackson Garrison, William Lloyd Garrison, 1805-1879; the story of his life told by his children: volume 1 44 0 Browse Search
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 7. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones) 42 4 Browse Search
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Massachusetts in the Army and Navy during the war of 1861-1865, vol. 2 28 0 Browse Search
Rebellion Record: a Diary of American Events: Documents and Narratives, Volume 11. (ed. Frank Moore) 26 0 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 3, 15th edition. 24 0 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10. You can also browse the collection for Halifax (Canada) or search for Halifax (Canada) in all documents.

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ul compromises with the past, and unworthy concessions to the rulers of his day. Within the empire each separate prince became for his own dominions the highest overseer of the church of the reformation. In the reformed churches of France, which struggled into being in permanent conflict with prelates and kings, their constitution grew out of themselves, according to the teachings of Luther in his earlier days. It is the common principle on which Frenchmen first colonized what is now Nova Scotia and Florida; on which Englishmen and the Dutch planted the states that lie between Canada and the head of the Chesapeake; and it was strongly represented in the settlements further south. So Germany, which appropriated no territory in America, gave to the colonies of New Netherland and New England their laws of being. The holy empire which began with Roman caesarism had become in temporal power a shadow, in Chap. II.} spiritual power a subject. If Charles the Fifth had but accepted
nd on a different plan, Most secret instructions of Lord George Germain to Sir H. Clinton, Whitehall, 8 March, 1778. such as a consciousness of weakness might inspire in a cruel and revengeful mind. Clinton was ordered to abandon Philadelphia; to hold New York and Rhode Island; to curtail the boundaries of the thirteen states on the north-east and on the south; to lay waste Virginia by means of ships of war; and to attack Providence, Boston, and all accessible ports between New York and Nova Scotia, destroying vessels, wharfs, stores, and materials for ship-building. At the same time the Indians, from Detroit Germain's Canada Correspondence, passim. all along the frontiers of the west and south Lord George Germain to General Prevost, Whitehall, 13 March, 1779. to Florida, were to be hounded on to spread Chap. IV.} 1778. dismay and to murder. No active operations at the north were expected, except the devastation of towns on the sea, and raids of the allied savages on the b
at, would be powerless to recall a people so thoroughly determined to refuse submission. On the side of the sea, from Nova Scotia to Florida, the British held no post except the island of Rhode Island and New York city with a small circle around itanuary, 1778, confessed to Lord North: The time may come when it will be wise to abandon all North America but Canada, Nova Scotia, and the Floridas; but then the generality of the nation must see it first in that light. Donne, II. 118. Lord Rockle Clinton was reporting to Germain that he would probably be under the necessity of evacuating New York and retiring to Halifax, Sir H. Clinton to Lord George Germain, 27 July, 1778. the French fleet, with thirty-five hundred land troops on boarer commissioners to Germain, New York, 5 Sept., 1778. Sir Henry Clinton threatened to evacuate New York and to retire to Halifax, Clinton to Germain, 27 July, 1778. remonstrated against being reduced to a starved defensive, Clinton to Haldiman
yoming, Niagara; a third from the Mohawk river to seize Oswego; a fourth from New England, by way of the St. Francis, to enter Montreal; a fifth, to guard the approaches from Quebec: while to France was assigned the office of reducing Quebec and Halifax. Lafayette would willingly have used his influence at Versailles in favor of the enterprise: but Washington showed how far the part reserved for the United States went beyond their Chap. VII.} 1778. resources; and, in deference to his advice,all New England, seedtime and harvest did not fail; and the unmolested ports of Massachusetts grew opulent by commerce. Samuel Adams, uttering the popular sentiment, wrote from Philadelphia: I hope we shall secure to the United States Canada, Nova Scotia, Florida too, and the fishery, by our arms or by treaty. We shall never be on a solid footing, till Great Britain cedes to us, or we wrest from her, what nature designs we should have. For want of a government this boundless hope of a youn
nes to Montmorin, 2 Nov., 1778. Florida Blanca, who persistently proposed to bridle the dreaded ambition of the United States, by a balance of power in which England should hold the post of danger, wished her to retain possession of Canada and Nova Scotia; for it would prove a perennial source of quarrels between the British and the Americans. On our side, wrote Vergennes simultaneously, there will be no difficulty in guaranteeing to England Canada and all other American possessions which may manifested itself, especially in the delegation from New York. Gouverneur Morris was inclined to relinquish to Spain the navigation of the Mississippi, Gerard to Vergennes, 20 Oct., 1778. and while he desired the acquisition of Canada and Nova Scotia asserted the necessity of a law for setting a limit to the American dominion. Our empire, said Jay, the president of congress, is already too great to be well governed, and its constitution is inconsistent with the passion for conquest. Ge
all pretensions to her old provinces, Canada and Nova Scotia, joined Spain in opposing every wish of the Ameri thirty Chap. IX.} 1779. leagues of the coast of Nova Scotia; and by that of Paris, not to fish within fifteene the fisheries on the coasts of Newfoundland, of Nova Scotia, of Canada, belong exclusively to the English; anst alone engaged in the fisheries on the coast of Nova Scotia and in the gulf of St. Lawrence; deeming themselvpe Breton, and had assisted in the acquisition of Nova Scotia and Canada. The fisheries on their coasts seemed the Mississippi, from the Floridas to Canada and Nova Scotia; that the right of fishing and curing fish on thees to fish on the 22. coasts, bays, and banks of Nova Scotia, the banks of Newfoundland and gulf of St. Lawrenof its committee. The independence or cession of Nova Scotia was waived; nor was the acquisition of the Bermudbe effectually confirmed by the treaty of peace. Nova Scotia was desired; but the minister might leave the nor
s reached Cayuga lake. After destroying eighteen villages and their fields of corn, Sullivan, whose army had suffered for want of supplies, returned to New. Jersey. Meantime, a small party from Fort Pitt, under command of Colonel Brodhead, broke up the towns of the Senecas upon the upper branch of the Alleghany. The manifest inability of Great Britain to protect the Six Nations inclined them at last to desire neutrality. In June the British general Maclean, who com- June. manded in Nova Scotia, established a British post of six hundred men at what is now Castine, on Penobscot bay. To dislodge the intruders, the Massachusetts legislature sent forth nineteen armed ships, Chap. X.} 1779. June. sloops, and brigs; two of them continental vessels, the rest privateers or belonging to the state. The flotilla carried more than three hundred guns, and was attended by twenty-four transports, having on board nearly a thousand men. So large an American armament had never put to sea. A
ountries, be they English or be they Americans, having the outlet of the river St. Lawrence on the one side and that of the Mississippi on the other, would be in a condition to domineer over the United States and over Spain, or to make themselves independent,—that on this point there was, therefore, a common interest. Some dread of the relative increase of the south may have mixed with the impatient earnestness with which two at least of the New England states demanded the acquisition of Nova Scotia as indispensable to their safety, and therefore to be secured at the pacification with England. The leader in this policy was Samuel Adams, whom the French minister always found in his way. The question of recruiting the army by the enlistment of black men forced itself on attention. The several states employed them as they pleased, and the slave was enfranchised by the service. Once congress touched on the delicate subject; and in March, 1779, it recommended Georgia and South Caro
lowed himself to be introduced by Franklin to Vergennes, who received with pleasure assurances of the good disposition of the British king, reciprocated them on the part of his own sovereign, and invited an offer of its conditions. He wished America and France to treat directly with British plenipotentiaries, each for itself, the two negotiations to move on with equal step, and the two treaties to be simultaneously signed. From Amsterdam, John Adams questioned whether, with Canada and Nova Scotia in the hands of the English, the Americans could ever have a real peace. In a like spirit, Franklin intrusted to Oswald Notes for Conversation, in which the voluntary cession of Canada was suggested as the surety of a durable peace and a sweet reconciliation. At the same time he replied to his old friend Lord Shelburne: I desire no other channel of communication between us than that of Mr. Oswald, which I think your lordship has chosen with much judgment. He will be witness of my actin
allegation that, though they claimed to have full powers, they were not plenipotentiaries; that they were acting under thirteen separate sovereignties, which had no common head. To meet the exigence, Shelburne proposed either an extension of Nova Scotia to the Penobscot or the Kennebec or the Saco, so that a province might be formed for the reception of the loyalists; or that a part of the money to be received from sales of the Ohio lands might be applied to their subsistence. To the ministr fish on Newfoundland. Nov. This was, after a great deal of conversation, agreed to by John Adams as well as his colleagues, upon condition that the American fishermen should be allowed to dry their fish on any unsettled parts of the coast of Nova Scotia. Franklin said further: I observe as to catching fish you mention only the banks of Newfoundland. Why not all other places, and among others the gulf of St. Lawrence? Are you afraid there is not fish enough, or that we should catch too many