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Browsing named entities in a specific section of Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics (ed. H. Rackham). Search the whole document.

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Corinth (Greece) (search for this): book 3, chapter 8
one can foresee, from calculation and on principle, but only a fixed disposition of Courage will enable one to face sudden peril. （5） Those who face danger in ignorance also appear courageous; and they come very near to those whose bravery rests on a sanguine temperament, though inferior to them inasmuch as they lack self-confidence, which the sanguine possess. Hence the sanguine stand firm for a time; whereas those who have been deceived as to the danger, if they learn or suspect the true state of affairs, take to flight, as the Argives did when they encountered the Lacedaemonians and thought they were Sicyonians.This occurred in the battle at the Long Walls of Corinth, 392 B.C. Lacedaemonian cavalry had dismounted and armed themselves with the shields of the routed Sicyonians, marked *s （Xen. Hell. 4.4.10）. We have now described the characteristics both of the courageous and of those who are thought to be cou
Troy (Turkey) (search for this): book 3, chapter 8
ardice, and the honors awarded to bravery; hence those races appear to be the bravest among which cowards are degraded and brave men held in honor. It is this citizen courage which inspires the heroes portrayed by Homer, like Diomede and Hector: Polydamas will be the first to flout me;Hom. Il. 22.100 （ Hector）—‘Alas, should I retire within the gates, Polydamas, . . .’ and Diomede says Hector will make his boast at Troy hereafter: “By me was Tydeus' son . . .”Hom. Il. 8.148—‘By me was Tydeus's son routed in flight Back to the ships.’ This type of courage most closely resembles the one described before, because it is prompted by a virtue, namely the sense of shame,For this emotion see 2.7.14, 4.9.1, where it is said not to be, strictly speaking, a virtue. and by the desire for something noble, namely honor, and the wish to avoid
Coronea (Greece) (search for this): book 3, chapter 8
d, or trained athletes against amateurs; for even in athletic contests it is not the bravest men who are the best fighters, but those who are strongest and in the best training. But professional soldiers prove cowards when the danger imposes too great a strain, and when they are at a disadvantage in numbers and equipment; for they are the first to run away, while citizen troops stand their ground and die fighting, as happened in the battle at the temple of Hermes.In Coronea, 353 B.C.; the Acropolis had been seized by Onomarchus the Phocian, and mercenaries, brought in by the Boeotarchs to aid the citizens, ran away at the beginning of the battle （schol.）. This is because citizens think it disgraceful to run away, and prefer death to safety so procured; whereas professional soldiers were relying from the outset on superior strength, and when they discover they are outnumbered they take to flight, fearing death more than disgrace
392 BC (search for this): book 3, chapter 8
one can foresee, from calculation and on principle, but only a fixed disposition of Courage will enable one to face sudden peril. （5） Those who face danger in ignorance also appear courageous; and they come very near to those whose bravery rests on a sanguine temperament, though inferior to them inasmuch as they lack self-confidence, which the sanguine possess. Hence the sanguine stand firm for a time; whereas those who have been deceived as to the danger, if they learn or suspect the true state of affairs, take to flight, as the Argives did when they encountered the Lacedaemonians and thought they were Sicyonians.This occurred in the battle at the Long Walls of Corinth, 392 B.C. Lacedaemonian cavalry had dismounted and armed themselves with the shields of the routed Sicyonians, marked *s （Xen. Hell. 4.4.10）. We have now described the characteristics both of the courageous and of those who are thought to be cou
353 BC (search for this): book 3, chapter 8
rained athletes against amateurs; for even in athletic contests it is not the bravest men who are the best fighters, but those who are strongest and in the best training. But professional soldiers prove cowards when the danger imposes too great a strain, and when they are at a disadvantage in numbers and equipment; for they are the first to run away, while citizen troops stand their ground and die fighting, as happened in the battle at the temple of Hermes.In Coronea, 353 B.C.; the Acropolis had been seized by Onomarchus the Phocian, and mercenaries, brought in by the Boeotarchs to aid the citizens, ran away at the beginning of the battle （schol.）. This is because citizens think it disgraceful to run away, and prefer death to safety so procured; whereas professional soldiers were relying from the outset on superior strength, and when they discover they are outnumbered they take to flight, fearing death more than disgrace. But t