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420 BC (search for this): book 1, chapter 5
once a giving of a possession and a token of honor; wherefore gifts are desired by the ambitious and by those who are fond of money, since they are an acquisition for the latter and an honor for the former; so that they furnish both with what they want. Bodily excellence is health, and of such a kind that when exercising the body we are free from sickness; for many are healthy in the way HerodicusOf Selymbria, physician and teacher of hygienic gymnastics （c. 420 B.C.）. He is said to have made his patients walk from Athens to Megara and back, about 70 miles. He was satirized by Plato and by his old pupil Hippocrates as one who killed those for whom he prescribed （cf. 2.23.29）. is said to have been, whom no one would consider happy in the matter of health, because they are obliged to abstain from all or nearly all human enjoyments. Beauty varies with each age. In a young man, it consists in possessing a body capabl
Lacedaemon (Greece) (search for this): book 1, chapter 5
llences are beauty and stature, their moral excellences self-control and industrious habits, free from servility.a)neleuqeri/a: literally, qualities unbecoming to a free man or woman, ungentlemanly, unladylike; hence, mean, servile, sordid. The object of both the individual and of the community should be to secure the existence of each of these qualities in both men and women; for all those States in which the character of women is unsatisfactory, as in Lacedaemon,A similar charge against the Spartan woman is made in Aristot. Pol. 2.9.5: “Further the looseness （ a)/nesis） of the Spartan women is injurious both to the purpose of the constitution and the well-being of the State . . . their life is one of absolute luxury and intemperance” （compare Eur. Andr. 595-596 “even if she wished it, a Spartan girl could not be chaste”）. The opinion of Xenophon and Plutarch is much more favorable. may be considered onl
Athens (Greece) (search for this): book 1, chapter 5
ts are desired by the ambitious and by those who are fond of money, since they are an acquisition for the latter and an honor for the former; so that they furnish both with what they want. Bodily excellence is health, and of such a kind that when exercising the body we are free from sickness; for many are healthy in the way HerodicusOf Selymbria, physician and teacher of hygienic gymnastics （c. 420 B.C.）. He is said to have made his patients walk from Athens to Megara and back, about 70 miles. He was satirized by Plato and by his old pupil Hippocrates as one who killed those for whom he prescribed （cf. 2.23.29）. is said to have been, whom no one would consider happy in the matter of health, because they are obliged to abstain from all or nearly all human enjoyments. Beauty varies with each age. In a young man, it consists in possessing a body capable of enduring all efforts, either of the racecourse or of bod
Megara (Greece) (search for this): book 1, chapter 5
e desired by the ambitious and by those who are fond of money, since they are an acquisition for the latter and an honor for the former; so that they furnish both with what they want. Bodily excellence is health, and of such a kind that when exercising the body we are free from sickness; for many are healthy in the way HerodicusOf Selymbria, physician and teacher of hygienic gymnastics （c. 420 B.C.）. He is said to have made his patients walk from Athens to Megara and back, about 70 miles. He was satirized by Plato and by his old pupil Hippocrates as one who killed those for whom he prescribed （cf. 2.23.29）. is said to have been, whom no one would consider happy in the matter of health, because they are obliged to abstain from all or nearly all human enjoyments. Beauty varies with each age. In a young man, it consists in possessing a body capable of enduring all efforts, either of the racecourse or of bodily streng
Selymbria (Turkey) (search for this): book 1, chapter 5
which are highly prized in each country. For a gift is at once a giving of a possession and a token of honor; wherefore gifts are desired by the ambitious and by those who are fond of money, since they are an acquisition for the latter and an honor for the former; so that they furnish both with what they want. Bodily excellence is health, and of such a kind that when exercising the body we are free from sickness; for many are healthy in the way HerodicusOf Selymbria, physician and teacher of hygienic gymnastics （c. 420 B.C.）. He is said to have made his patients walk from Athens to Megara and back, about 70 miles. He was satirized by Plato and by his old pupil Hippocrates as one who killed those for whom he prescribed （cf. 2.23.29）. is said to have been, whom no one would consider happy in the matter of health, because they are obliged to abstain from all or nearly all human enjoyments. Beauty varies with each ag
412 BC - 407 BC (search for this): book 1, chapter 2
premises, often from fewer than the regularprw=tos: the primary, typical syllogism of the first figure. syllogism; for if any one of these is well known, there is no need to mention it, for the hearer can add it himself. For instance, to prove that DorieusSon of Diagoras of Rhodes, and like his father celebrated for his victories in the Greek athletic contests. He played a considerable part in political and naval affairs in support of the Spartans （412-407 B.C.） whom he afterwards offended, and by whom he is said to have been put to death. was the victor in a contest at which the prize was a crown,it is enough to say that he won a victory at the Olympic games; there is no need to add that the prize at the Olympic games is a crown, for everybody knows it. But since few of the propositions of the rhetorical syllogism are necessary, for most of the things which we judge and examine can be other than the
Rhodes (Greece) (search for this): book 1, chapter 2
ample are concerned with things which may, generally speaking, be other than they are, the example being a kind of induction and the enthymeme a kind of syllogism, and deduced from few premises, often from fewer than the regularprw=tos: the primary, typical syllogism of the first figure. syllogism; for if any one of these is well known, there is no need to mention it, for the hearer can add it himself. For instance, to prove that DorieusSon of Diagoras of Rhodes, and like his father celebrated for his victories in the Greek athletic contests. He played a considerable part in political and naval affairs in support of the Spartans （412-407 B.C.） whom he afterwards offended, and by whom he is said to have been put to death. was the victor in a contest at which the prize was a crown,it is enough to say that he won a victory at the Olympic games; there is no need to add that the prize at the Olympic games is a
Halicarnassus (Turkey) (search for this): book 1, chapter 2
It is evident that Rhetoric enjoys both these advantagesThe employment of syllogism and induction, to\ ei)=dos th=s r(htorikh=s being taken as simply = h( r(htorikh/. Another rendering is: “that each kind of Rhetoric （that which depends upon example or upon enthymeme） enjoys some special advantage.”—for what has been said in the MethodicaA lost treatise, mentioned by Diogenes Laertius in his Life of Aristotle, 24, and by Dionysius of Halicarnassus in the first letter to Ammaeus, 6. It is supposed to have dealt with some branch of Logic. holds good also in this case—for rhetorical speeches are sometimes characterized by examples and sometimes by enthymemes, and orators themselves may be similarly distinguished by their fondness for one or the other. Now arguments that depend on examples are not less calculated to persuade, but those which depend upon enthymemes meet with greater approval. Their
Megaris (Greece) (search for this): book 1, chapter 2
mple is a kind of induction and with what kind of material it deals by way of induction. It is neither the relation of part to whole, nor of whole to part, nor of one whole to another whole, but of part to part, of like to like, when both come under the same genus, but one of them is better known than the other. For example, to prove that Dionysius is aiming at a tyranny, because he asks for a bodyguard, one might say that Pisistratus before him and Theagenes of Megara did the same, and when they obtained what they asked for made themselves tyrants. All the other tyrants known may serve as an example of Dionysius, whose reason, however, for asking for a bodyguard we do not yet know. All these examples are contained under the same universal proposition, that one who is aiming at a tyranny asks for a bodyguard. We have now stated the materials of proofs which are thought to be demonstrative. But a very great difference betw
366 BC (search for this): book 1, chapter 7
: （a） the first principle （suggesting the plot） is said to be of more importance （worse） than the end or result （carrying out the plot）; （b） on the other hand, this end is said to be worse than the first principle, since the end is superior to the means. Thus the question of the amount of guilt can be argued both ways. Thus, Leodamas, when accusing Callistratus,Oropus, a frontier-town of Boeotia and Attica, had been occupied by the Thebans （366 B.C.）. Callistratus suggested an arrangement which was agreed to and carried out by Chabrias—that the town should remain in Theban possession for the time being. Negotiations proved unsuccessful and the Thebans refused to leave, whereupon Chabrias and Callistratus were brought to trial. Leodamas was an Athenian orator, pupil of Isocrates, and pro-Theban in his political views. declared that the man who had given the advicewas more guilty
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