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Egypt (Egypt) (search for this): book 2, chapter 24
seful to States, since the love of Harmodius and Aristogiton overthrew the tyrant Hipparchus; or that Dionysius is a thief, because he is a rascal; for here again the argument is inconclusive; not every rascal is a thief although every thief is a rascal. Another fallacy is derived from accident; for instance, when Polycrates says of the mice, that, they rendered great service by gnawing the bowstrings.Hdt. 2.141. The story was that, when Sennacherib invaded Egypt, a host of field-mice devoured all the quivers, bowstrings and leather shield-holders of the Assyrians. Apollo was called Smintheus （ smi/nqos, mouse） and was represented on coins with a mouse in his hand, either as the mouse-slayer and protector of crops, or because the animal was sacred to him. The story, alluded to elsewhere, was of Greek, not of Egyptian origin. Similar panegyrics on ridiculous things or animals included pots, counters, salt, flies, be
Piraeus (Greece) (search for this): book 2, chapter 24
s: “Do you being in Sicily now know that there are triremes in the Piraeus?” The ambiguity lies in the position of “now,” whether it is to be taken with “in Sicily” or with “in the Piraeus.” At the moment when a man is in Sicily he cannot know that there are at this time triremes in the Piraeus; but being in Sicily he can certainly know of the ships in the Piraeus, which should be there, but Piraeus, which should be there, but are now in Sicily （Kirchmann）. St. Hilaire suggests that the two clauses are: Do you now, being in Sicily, see the triremes which are in the Piraeus? and, Did you when in Sicily, see the triremes which are now in the Piraeus? The fallacy consists in the twPiraeus? The fallacy consists in the two facts （being in the Piraeus and the existence of triremes in Sicily）, true separately, being untrue combined. or that, when one knowsPiraeus and the existence of triremes in Sicily）, true separately, being untrue combined. or that, when one knows the letters, one also knows the word made of them, for word and letters are the same thing. Further, since twic
Tenedos (search for this): book 2, chapter 24
d, either as the mouse-slayer and protector of crops, or because the animal was sacred to him. The story, alluded to elsewhere, was of Greek, not of Egyptian origin. Similar panegyrics on ridiculous things or animals included pots, counters, salt, flies, bees, and such subjects as death, sleep, and food. Or if one were to say that nothing is more honorable than to be invited to a dinner, for because he was not invited Achilles was angry with the Achaeans at Tenedos; whereas he was really angry because he had been treated with disrespect, but this was an accident due to his not having been invited.Sophocles, The Gathering of the Greeks （T.G.F. p. 161）, a satyric drama. His not being invited was a mere accident of the disrespect. Another fallacy is that of the Consequence.Assuming a proposition to be convertible, when it is not; it does not follow, assuming that all the high-minded dwell by themselves, tha
Sicily (Italy) (search for this): book 2, chapter 24
Aristot. Sophist. Elenchi 20.6 is: “Do you being in Sicily now know that there are triremes in the Piraeus?” The ambiosition of “now,” whether it is to be taken with “in Sicily” or with “in the Piraeus.” At the moment when a man is in Sicily he cannot know that there are at this time triremes in the Piraeus; but being in Sicily he can certainly Sicily he can certainly know of the ships in the Piraeus, which should be there, but are now in Sicily （Kirchmann）. St. Hilaire suggestsSicily （Kirchmann）. St. Hilaire suggests that the two clauses are: Do you now, being in Sicily, see the triremes which are in the Piraeus? and, Did you Sicily, see the triremes which are in the Piraeus? and, Did you when in Sicily, see the triremes which are now in the Piraeus? The fallacy consists in the two facts （being in the PirSicily, see the triremes which are now in the Piraeus? The fallacy consists in the two facts （being in the Piraeus and the existence of triremes in Sicily）, true separately, being untrue combined. or that, when one knows the letSicily）, true separately, being untrue combined. or that, when one knows the letters, one also knows the word made of them, for word and letters are the same thing. Further,
Piraeus (Greece) (search for this): book 2, chapter 24
ince a thing which is not the same as another often appears to be the same, one may adopt the more convenient alternative. Such was the argument of Euthydemus, to prove, for example, that a man knows that there is a trireme in the Piraeus, because he knows the existence of two things, the Piraeus and the trireme;Very obscure and no explanation is satisfactory. The parallel passage in Aristot. Sophist. Elenchi 20.6 is: “Do you being in Sicily now know that there aPiraeus and the trireme;Very obscure and no explanation is satisfactory. The parallel passage in Aristot. Sophist. Elenchi 20.6 is: “Do you being in Sicily now know that there are triremes in the Piraeus?” The ambiguity lies in the position of “now,” whether it is to be taken with “in Sicily” or with “in the Piraeus.” At the moment when a man is in Sicily he cannot know that there are at this time triremes in the Piraeus; but being in Sicily he can certainly know of the ships in the Piraeus, which should be there, but are now in Sicily （Kirchmann）. St. Hilaire suggests that the two clauses are: Do you now, being