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While
these events were taking place, those in Athens who
hated Alcibiades with a personal enmity, possessing now an excuse in the mutilation of the
statues,Cp. chap. 2. accused him in speeches
before the Assembly of having formed a conspiracy against the democracy. Their charges gained
colour from an incident that had taken place among the Argives; for private friendsCp. Thuc. 6.61. of his in
that city had agreed together to destroy the democracy in Argos, but the he danger which threatened him, made his escape together
with the other accused men and got away. The ambassadors who had come on the Salaminia at first
set up a hunt for Alcibiades, but when they could not find him, they sailed back to Athens and reported to the people what had taken place.
Accordingly the Athenians brought the names of Alcibiades and
the other fugitives with him before a court of justice and condemned them in defaulti.e. in their absence. to death. And Alc
414 B.C.When Tisandrus was archon in Athens, the
Romans elected in place of consuls four military tribunes, Publius Lucretius, Gaius Servilius,
Agrippa Menenius, and Spurius Veturius. In this year the Syracusans, dispatching ambassadors to
both Corinth and Lacedaemon, urged these cities to come to their aid and not to stand idly by when
total ruin threatened the Syracusans. Since Alcibiades
supported their request, the Lacedaemonians voted to send aid to the Syracusans a hey sent in advance to Sicily,
accompanying Gylippus, Pythes with two triremes. And in Catane
Nicias and Lamachus, the Athenian generals, after two hundred and fifty cavalry and three
hundred talents of silver had come to them from Athens, took their army aboard and sailed to Syracuse. They arrived at the city by night and unobserved by the Syracusans took
possession of Epipolae. When the Syracusans learned of this, they speedily came to its defence,
but were chased back
At the moment when the hopes of the Syracusans had raised their spirits high because
of their victory over the enemy both by land and by sea, Eurymedon and Demosthenes arrived,
having sailed there from Athens with a great force
and gathered on the way allied troops from the Thurians and Messapians. They brought more than eighty triremes and five thousand soldiers,
excluding the crews; and they also conveyed on merchant vessels arms and money as well as siege
machines and every other kind of equipment. As a result the hopes of the Syracusans were dashed
again, since they believed that they could not now readily find the means to bring themselves
up to equality with the enemy. Demosthenes persuaded his fellow commanders to assault Epipolae, for it was impossible by any
other means to wall off the city, and taking ten thousand hoplites and as many more light-armed
troops, he attacked the Syracusans by night. Since the assault had not been expec
The Athenians, now that their affairs had taken a turn for the worse and a wave of
pestilence had struck the camp because the region round about it was marshy, counselled
together how they should deal with the situation. Demosthenes
thought that they should sail back to Athens with
all speed, stating that to risk their lives against the Lacedaemonians in defence of their
fatherland was preferable to settling down on Sicily
and accomplishing nothing worth while; but Nicias said that they ought not to abandon the siege
in so disgraceful a fashion, while they were well supplied with triremes, soldiers, and funds;
furthermore, he added, if they should make peace with the Syracusans without the approval of
the Athenian people and sail back to their country, peril would attend them from the men who
make it their practice to bring false charges against their generals. Of the participants in the council some agreed with Demosthenes on putting t
For a long time, despite the many who
were dying, the battle would not come to an end, since not even the men who were in desperate
straits would dare flee to the land. For the Athenians would ask those who were breaking off
the battle and turning to the land, "Do you think to sail to Athens by land?" and the Syracusan infantry would inquire of any who were
bringing their ships towards them, "Why, when we wanted to go aboard the triremes, did you
prevent us from engaging in the battle, if now you are betraying the fatherland?" "Was the
reason you blocked the mouth of the harbour that, after preventing the enemy from getting out,
you might yourselves flee to the beach?" "Since it is the lot of all men to die, what fairer
death do you seek than dying for the fatherland, which you are disgracefully abandoning though
you have it as a witness of your fighting!" When the soldiers
on the land hurled such upbraidings at the sailors who drew nea
"The people of the Athenians have
received a punishment their own folly deserved, first of all from the hands of the gods and
then from us whom they had wronged. Good it is indeed that the
deity involves in unexpected disasters those who begin an unjust war and do not bear their own
superiority as men should. For who could have expected that
the Athenians, who had removed ten thousand talentsGiven
as "some eight thousand" in Book 12.38.2. from Delos to Athens and had dispatched to
Sicily two hundred triremes and more than forty
thousand men to fight, would ever suffer disasters of such magnitude? for from the preparations
they made on such a scale not a ship, not a man has returned home, so that not even a survivor
is left to carry to them word of the disaster. Knowing,
therefore, men of Syracuse, that the arrogant are
hated among gods and men, do you, humbling yourselves before Fortune, commit no act that is
beyond man