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431 B.C.Now the causes of the Peloponnesian War were in general what I have described, as
Ephorus has recorded them. And when the leading states had become embroiled in war in this
fashion, the Lacedaemonians, sitting in council with the Peloponnesians, voted to make war upon
the Athenians, and dispatching ambassadors to the king of the Persians, urged him to ally
himself with them, while they also treated by means of ambassadors with their allies in
Sicily and Italy and persuaded them to come to their aid with two hundred triremes;
and for their own part they, together with the
Peloponnesians, got ready their land forces, made all other preparations for the war, and were
the first to commence the conflict. For in Boeotia the
city of the Plataeans was an independent state and had an alliance with the Athenians.The fuller account of the following incident is in Thuc. 2.2 ff.
But certain of its citizens, wishing to destroy its
inde
428
B.C.When Diotimus was
archon in Athens, the Romans elected as consuls
Gaius Julius and Proculus Verginius Tricostus, and the Eleians celebrated the Eighty-eighth
Olympiad, that in which Symmachus of Messene in
Sicily won the "stadion." In this year Cnemus, the Lacedaemonian admiral, who was inactive in Corinth, decided to seize the Peiraeus. He had received
information that no ships in the harbour had been put into the water for duty and no soldiers
had been detailed to guard the port; for the Athenians, as he learned, had become negligent
about guarding it because they by no means expected any enemy would have the audacity to seize
the place. Consequently Cnemus, launching forty triremes which
had been hauled up on the beach at Megara, sailed
by night to Salamis, and falling unexpectedly on the
fortress on Salamis called Boudorium, he towed away
three ships and overran the entire island. When the
Salaminians s
427 B.C.When Eucleides was archon in Athens, the Romans elected in place of consuls three military
tribunes, Marcus Manius, Quintus Sulpicius Praetextatus, and Servius Cornelius Cossus. This
year in Sicily the Leontines, who were colonists from
Chalcis but also kinsmen of the Athenians, were
attacked, as it happened, by the Syracusans. And being hardpressed in the war and in danger of
having their city taken by storm because of the superior power of the Syracusans, they
dispatched ambassadors to Athens asking the
Athenian people to send them immediate aid and save their city from the perils threatening it.
The leader of the embassy was Gorgias the rhetorician, who in
eloquence far surpassed all his contemporaries. He was the first man to devise rules of
rhetoric and so far excelled all other men in the instruction offered by the sophists that he
received from his pupils a fee of one hundred minas.Some
1800 dollars, 360 pou
For some time past the Athenians had been covetous of Sicily because of the fertility of its land, and so at the
moment, gladly accepting the proposals of Gorgia
In
Asia King Xerxes died after a reign of one year, or,
as some record, two months; and his brother Sogdianus succeeded to the throne and ruled for
seven months. He was slain by Darius, who reigned nineteen years. Of the historians Antiochus of Syracuse concluded with this year his history of Sicily, which began with Cocalus,Cp. Book 4.78 f. the king of the Sicani, and embraced nine Books.