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1961 AD (search for this): chapter 1
the allies and for the allies themselves to possess only enough for survival and to work without being able to plot defection. Also in another point the Athenian people are thought to act ill-advisedly: they force the allies to sail to Athens for judicial proceedings.The accuracy of the author here is in dispute. For discussion of the controversial problem of the judicial relations of Athens and her allies, cf. G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, Notes on Jurisdiction in the Athenian Empire, CQ, N.S. 11 (1961), 94 ff. and 268 ff. Observe the Athenians' own account of their alleged litigiousness in the difficult passage of Thucydides at 1.77.1. But they reason in reply that the Athenian people benefit from this. First, from the deposits at law they receive their dicastic pay through the year. Then, sitting at home without going out in ships, they manage the affairs of the allied cities; in the courts they protect the democrats and ruin their opponents. If the allies were each to hold trials locally
Athens (Greece) (search for this): chapter 1
he slaves and meticsMetics were resident aliens. at Athens there is the greatest uncontrolled wantonness; you have spoiled the athletic and musical activities at Athens because they thought them unfitting (they know theyin the cities are strong, the rule of the people at Athens will last for a very short time. This is why they dact ill-advisedly: they force the allies to sail to Athens for judicial proceedings.The accuracy of the author controversial problem of the judicial relations of Athens and her allies, cf. G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, Notes o of the Athenian people. In addition, the people at Athens profit in the following ways when trials involving allies are held in Athens: first, the one per-cent tax in the Peiraeus brings in more for the cityOn the one pzation that judicial action for anyone who comes to Athens is in the hands of none other than the populace (this indeed is the law at Athens); in the courts he is obliged to entreat whoever comes in and to grasp him by t
1937 AD (search for this): chapter 2
d excuses for not doing what they do not want to do. And if there are any bad results from the people's plans, they charge that a few persons, working against them, ruined their plans; but if there is a good result, they take the credit for themselves. They do not permit the people to be ill spoken of in comedy, so that they may not have a bad reputation;This passage has nothing to do with the known bans on comedy in 440/39-437/6 or in 415: see K.I. Gelzer, Die Schrift vom Staate der Athener (1937), pp. 71 and 128-132. Despite Gelzer's powerful arguments, there is, however, still controversy on this matter. It should be noted that the People (Demos) is a character in Aristophanes' Knights (produced in 424). but if anyone wants to attack private persons, they bid him do so, knowing perfectly well that the person so treated in comedy does not, for the most part, come from the populace and mass of people but is a person of either wealth, high birth, or influence. Some few poor and plebeia
1842 AD (search for this): chapter 2
an attack, -- to go on board one's ship and sail away; one who does this is less badly off than one who comes to help with infantry. Further, the rulers of the sea can sail away from their own land to anywhere at all, whereas a land power can take a journey of only a few days from its own territory.This dogma was proved false by Brasidas' march to the north in 424 and hence was probably composed before that year. The observation is due to W. Roscher, Leben, Werk, und Zeitalter des Thukydides (1842), p. 529. Progress is slow, and going on foot one cannot carry provisions sufficient for a long time. One who goes on foot must pass through friendly country or else fight and win, whereas it is possible for the seafarer to go on shore wherever he has the stronger power...this land, but to sail along the coast until he comes to a friendly region or to those weaker than himself.There is a lacuna in this sentence. Further, the strongest land powers suffer badly from visitations of disease on th
431 AD (search for this): chapter 2
ow their land to be ravaged, for they realize that if they concern themselves with this, they will be deprived of other greater goods.At the beginning of the Peloponnesian War the Athenians certainly did move property to Euboea (Thuc. 2.14.1); and Attic land was ravaged by Spartans who were unopposed by the Athenians (Thuc. 2.23.1). But after the war began, it was impossible to say that the people a)dew=s ch(= (cf. Thuc. 2.65.2); therefore, this passage is not persuasive evidence of a date of 431 or later. (One would be hard put to discover an apt moment within the year 431 after the land was ravaged but before the people felt discomfort.) Further, for oligarchic cities it is necessary to keep to alliances and oaths. If they do not abide by agreements or if injustice is done, there are the names of the few who made the agreement. But whatever agreements the populace makes can be repudiated by referring the blame to the one who spoke or took the vote, while the others declare that they
Euboea (Greece) (search for this): chapter 2
e enemy by land. If they lived on an island, even this would be of no concern to them. However, since from the beginning they happen not to have lived on an island, they now do the following: they place their property on islands while trusting in the naval empire and they allow their land to be ravaged, for they realize that if they concern themselves with this, they will be deprived of other greater goods.At the beginning of the Peloponnesian War the Athenians certainly did move property to Euboea (Thuc. 2.14.1); and Attic land was ravaged by Spartans who were unopposed by the Athenians (Thuc. 2.23.1). But after the war began, it was impossible to say that the people a)dew=s ch(= (cf. Thuc. 2.65.2); therefore, this passage is not persuasive evidence of a date of 431 or later. (One would be hard put to discover an apt moment within the year 431 after the land was ravaged but before the people felt discomfort.) Further, for oligarchic cities it is necessary to keep to alliances and oath
Sicily (Italy) (search for this): chapter 2
the crops, but sea powers bear them easily. For the whole earth does not ail at the same time, so that from a prosperous land imports reach the rulers of the sea. If there should be mention also of slighter matters,Cf. Pericles in the Funeral Oration: Thuc. 2.38, on luxuries and delights, and on the presence in Athens of good things from everywhere. first, by virtue of their naval power, the Athenians have mingled with various peoples and discovered types of luxury. Whatever the delicacy in Sicily, Italy, Cyprus, Egypt, Lydia, Pontus, the Peloponnese, or anywhere else, -- all these have been brought together into one place by virtue of naval power. Further, hearing every kind of dialect, they have taken something from each; the Greeks rather tend to use their own dialect, way of life, and type of dress, but the Athenians use a mixture from all the Greeks and non-Greeks. The Athenian populace realizes that it is impossible for each of the poor to offer sacrifices, to give lavish feasts
Pontus (search for this): chapter 2
easily. For the whole earth does not ail at the same time, so that from a prosperous land imports reach the rulers of the sea. If there should be mention also of slighter matters,Cf. Pericles in the Funeral Oration: Thuc. 2.38, on luxuries and delights, and on the presence in Athens of good things from everywhere. first, by virtue of their naval power, the Athenians have mingled with various peoples and discovered types of luxury. Whatever the delicacy in Sicily, Italy, Cyprus, Egypt, Lydia, Pontus, the Peloponnese, or anywhere else, -- all these have been brought together into one place by virtue of naval power. Further, hearing every kind of dialect, they have taken something from each; the Greeks rather tend to use their own dialect, way of life, and type of dress, but the Athenians use a mixture from all the Greeks and non-Greeks. The Athenian populace realizes that it is impossible for each of the poor to offer sacrifices, to give lavish feasts, to set up shrines, and to manage a
Lydia (Turkey) (search for this): chapter 2
r them easily. For the whole earth does not ail at the same time, so that from a prosperous land imports reach the rulers of the sea. If there should be mention also of slighter matters,Cf. Pericles in the Funeral Oration: Thuc. 2.38, on luxuries and delights, and on the presence in Athens of good things from everywhere. first, by virtue of their naval power, the Athenians have mingled with various peoples and discovered types of luxury. Whatever the delicacy in Sicily, Italy, Cyprus, Egypt, Lydia, Pontus, the Peloponnese, or anywhere else, -- all these have been brought together into one place by virtue of naval power. Further, hearing every kind of dialect, they have taken something from each; the Greeks rather tend to use their own dialect, way of life, and type of dress, but the Athenians use a mixture from all the Greeks and non-Greeks. The Athenian populace realizes that it is impossible for each of the poor to offer sacrifices, to give lavish feasts, to set up shrines, and to m
Egypt (Egypt) (search for this): chapter 2
ers bear them easily. For the whole earth does not ail at the same time, so that from a prosperous land imports reach the rulers of the sea. If there should be mention also of slighter matters,Cf. Pericles in the Funeral Oration: Thuc. 2.38, on luxuries and delights, and on the presence in Athens of good things from everywhere. first, by virtue of their naval power, the Athenians have mingled with various peoples and discovered types of luxury. Whatever the delicacy in Sicily, Italy, Cyprus, Egypt, Lydia, Pontus, the Peloponnese, or anywhere else, -- all these have been brought together into one place by virtue of naval power. Further, hearing every kind of dialect, they have taken something from each; the Greeks rather tend to use their own dialect, way of life, and type of dress, but the Athenians use a mixture from all the Greeks and non-Greeks. The Athenian populace realizes that it is impossible for each of the poor to offer sacrifices, to give lavish feasts, to set up shrines, a
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