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146 BC (search for this): book 8, chapter 4
us was commissioned by Philip V to take Ithome but was killed in the attack (see Polybius 3.19, 7.11). "for if you hold both horns," he said, "you will hold down the cow," meaning by "horns" Ithome and Acrocorinthus, and by "cow" the Peloponnesus. And indeed it is because of their advantageous position that these cities have been objects of contention. Corinth was destroyed and rebuilt again by the Romans;Leucius Mummius (cp. 8. 6. 23) the consul captured Corinth and destroyed it by fire in 146 B.C.; but it was rebuilt again by Augustus. and Messene was destroyed by the Lacedaemonians but restored by the Thebans and afterward by Philip the son of Amyntas. The citadels, however, remained uninhabited. The temple of Artemis at Limnae, at which the Messenians are reputed to have outraged the maidens who had come to the sacrifice,Cp. 6. 1. 6. is on the boundaries between Laconia and Messenia, where both peoples held assemblies and offered sacrifice in common; and they say that it was
178 BC (search for this): book 8, chapter 4
ns, he changed his mind, gave sanction to Stenyclarus alone as a city, and also gathered into it all the Dorians. The city of the Messenians is similar to Corinth; for above either city lies a high and precipitous mountain that is enclosed by a commoni.e., common to the lower city and the acropolis. wall, so that it is used as an acropolis, the one mountain being called Ithome and the other Acrocorinthus. And so Demetrius of Pharos seems to have spoken aptly to PhilipPhilip V—reigned 220 to 178 B.C. the son of Demetrius when he advised him to lay hold of both these cities if he coveted the Peloponnesus,This same Demetrius was commissioned by Philip V to take Ithome but was killed in the attack (see Polybius 3.19, 7.11). "for if you hold both horns," he said, "you will hold down the cow," meaning by "horns" Ithome and Acrocorinthus, and by "cow" the Peloponnesus. And indeed it is because of their advantageous position that these cities have been objects of contention. Corinth was d
261 BC (search for this): book 8, chapter 4
to the Heracleidae, in company with whom I left windy Erineus, and came to the broad island of Pelops."Tyrt. Fr. 2 (Bergk)Erineus was an important city in the district of Doris (see 9. 4. 10 and 10. 4. 6). Thuc. 1.107 calls Doris the "mother-city of the Lacedaemonians." Therefore either these verses of the elegy must be denied authority or we must discredit Philochorus,Among other works Philochorus was the author of an Atthis, a history of Attica in seventeen books from the earliest time to 261 B.C. Only fragments are extant. who says that Tyrtaeus was an Athenian from the deme of Aphidnae, and also Callisthenes and several other writers, who say that he came from Athens when the Lacedaemonians asked for him in accordance with an oracle which bade them to get a commander from the Athenians. So the second war was in the time of Tyrtaeus; but also a third and fourth war took place, they say, in which the Messenians were defeated.Diod. Sic. 15.66 mentions only three Messenian wars.
31 BC (search for this): book 8, chapter 4
and they are distant, I should say, about four hundred stadia from the mainland, in the Libyan and Southern Sea. Thucydides4. 3. says that this Pylus was the naval station of the Messenians. It is four hundredThucydides says "about four hundred." stadia distant from Sparta. Next comes Methone. This, they say, is what the poet calls Pedasus,Hom. Il. 9.152, 294 So Paus. 4.35.1. one of the seven cities which Agamemnon promised to Achilles. It was here that Agrippa, during the war of Actium,31 B.C. after he had taken the place by an attack from the sea, put to death Bogus, the king of the Maurusians, who belonged to the faction of Antony. Adjacent to MethoneStrabo means the territory of Methone (as often). is Acritas,Now Cape Gallo. which is the beginning of the Messenian Gulf. But this is also called the Asinaean Gulf, from Asine, which is the first town on the gulf and bears the same name as the Hermionic town.The Hermionic Asine was in Argolis, southeast of Nauplia (see Pauly-Wi
369 BC (search for this): book 8, chapter 4
Messenia borders on Eleia; and for the most part it inclines round towards the south and the Libyan Sea. Now in the time of the Trojan War this country was classed as subject to Menelaüs, since it was a part of Laconia, and it was called Messene, but the city now named Messene whose acropolis was Ithome, had not yet been founded;The city was founded by Epameinondas in 369 B.C. (Diod. Sic. 15.66). but after the death of Menelaüs, when those who succeeded to the government of Laconia had become enfeebled, the Neleidae began to rule over Messenia. And indeed at the time of the return of the Heracleidae and of the division of the country which then took place, Melanthus was king of the Messenians, who were an autonomous people, although formerly they had been subject to Menelaüs. An indication of this is as follows: The seven cities which Agamemnon promised to give to Achilles were on the Messenian Gulf and the adjacent Asinaean Gulf, so called after the Messenian Asine;Now the ci
425 BC (search for this): book 8, chapter 4
ent boundary" (8. 3. 22). and after this cape come Cyparissia and Coryphasium. Above Coryphasium and the sea, at a distance of seven stadia, lies a mountain, Aegaleum. Now the ancient Messenian Pylus was a city at the foot of Aegaleum; but after this city was torn down some of its inhabitants took up their abode on Cape Coryphasium; and when the Athenians under the leadership of Eurymedon and StratoclesBut according to Diod. Sic. 12.60 Stratocles was archon at the time of this expedition (425 B.C.); and according to Thuc. 4.3, it was Eurymedon and Sophocles who made the expedition. Hence some emend "and Stratocles" to "in the archonship of Stratocles," while others emend "Stratocles" to "Sophocles." It seems certain that Strabo wrote the word "Sophocles," for he was following the account of Thucydides, as his later specific quotation from that account shows; and therefore the present translator conjectures that Strabo wrote "Eurymedon and Sophocles, in the archonship of Strato