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Queen Teuta and Rome
To return to the Illyrians. From time immemorial
Illyrian piracies.
they had oppressed and pillaged vessels sailing
from Italy; and now while their fleet was engaged at Phoenice a considerable number of them, separating from the main body, committed acts of piracy on a
number of Italian merchants: some they merely plundered,
others they murdered, and a great many they
carried off alive into captivity. The Romans interfere, B. C. 230. Now, though
complaints against the Illyrians had reached the
Roman government in times past, they had always been
neglected; but now when more and more persons approached
the Senate on this subject, they appointed two ambassadors,
Gaius and Lucius Coruncanius, to go to Illyricum and investigate the matter. But on the arrival of her galleys from
Epirus, the enormous quantity and beauty of the spoils which
they brought home (for Phoenice was by far the wealthiest
city in Epirus at that time), so fired the imagination of Queen
Teuta, t
Grain Production in Cisalpine Gaul
The yield of corn in this district is so abundant that
Gallia Cis-Alpina.
wheat is often sold at four obols a Sicilian
medimnus, barley at two, or a metretes of wine
for an equal measure of barley. The quantity
of panic and millet produced is extraordinary; and the amount
of acorns grown in the oak forests scattered about the country
may be gathered from the fact that, though nowhere are more
pigs slaughtered than in Italy, for sacrifices as well as for family
use, and for feeding the army, by far the most important
supply is form these plains. The cheapness and abundance
of all articles of food may also be clearly shown from the fact
that travellers in these parts, when stopping at inns, do not
bargain for particular articles, but simply ask what the charge is
per head for board. And for the most part the innkeepers are
content to supply their guests with every necessary at a charge
rarely exceeding half an as (that is, the fourth part of an obol)
The First Achaean League
And first: When the burning of the Pythagorean
clubs in Magna Grecia was followed by great constitutional
disturbances, as was natural on the sudden disappearance of
the leading men in each state; and the Greek cities in that
part of Italy became the scene of murder, revolutionary warfare,
and every kind of confusion; deputations were sent from most
parts of Greece to endeavour to bring about some settlement
of these disorders.The Pythagorean clubs, beginning in combinations for the cultivation of
mystic philosophy and ascetic life, had grown to be political,—a combination
of the upper or cultivated classes to secure political power. Thus Archytas
was for many years ruler in Tarentum (Strabo, I.3.4). The earliest was
at Croton, but they were also established in many cities of Magna Graecia.
Sometime in the fourth century B. C. a general democratic rising took place
against them, and their members were driven into exile. Strabo, 8.7.1;
Justin, 20, 4; Iamblich