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Civi'lis, Clau'dius was the leader of the Batavi in their revolt from Rome, A. D. 69-70. The Batavi were a people of Germanic origin, who had left the nation of the Catti, of which they were a part, and had settled in and about the island which is formed by the mouths of the Rhenus (Rhine) and Mesa (Maas). The important position which they occupied led the Romans to cultivate their friendship, and they rendered good service to Rome in the wars in Germany and Britain, under the early emperors. When Rome gave up the idea of subduing Germany, the nations west of the Rhine, especially those of Germanic origin, began to feel a hope of setting themselves free. The civil wars afforded an opportunity for the attempt, and the oppressions of the imperial legates furnished the provocation. It was out of such an act of oppression that the rebellion of Civilis sprung. * In the following narrative it is necessary to bear in mind the distinction between Germany, properly so called, and the two Galli
Civi'lis, Clau'dius was the leader of the Batavi in their revolt from Rome, A. D. 69-70. The Batavi were a people of Germanic origin, who had left the nation of the Catti, of which they were a part, and had settled in and about the island which is formed by the mouths of the Rhenus (Rhine) and Mesa (Maas). The important position which they occupied led the Romans to cultivate their friendship, and they rendered good service to Rome in the wars in Germany and Britain, under the early emperors. Wested Vetera Castra, and took Gelduba. The Romans, paralyzed by new dissensions [HORDEONIUS FLACCUS; VOCULA], suffered another defeat from Civilis; but some of them, rallying under Vocula, retook Magontiacum. At the beginning of the new year (A. D. 70), the war assumed a fresh and more formidable character. The news of the death of Vitellius exasperated the Roman soldiers, encouraged the insurgents, and shook the fidelity of the Gauls; while a rumour was moreover circulated that the winter qu
the war with Civilis was on the left bank of the Rhine, and chiefly in Germania Inferior. Julius Paulus and Claudius Civilis were brothers † Tacitus (Tac. Hist. 1.59) also calls Civilis Julius, and so do other writers. (Plut. Erot. 25, p. 770: where, however, Julius Tutor is possibly meant, Frontin. Strat. 4.3.14.) of the Batavian royal race, and excelled all their nation in personal accomplishments. On a false charge of treason, Nero's legate, Fonteius Capito, put Julius Paulus to death, A. D. 67 or 68, and sent Civilis in chains to Nero at Rome, where he was heard and acquitted by Galba. He was afterwards prefect of a cohort, but under Vitellius he became an object of suspicion to the army, who demanded his punishment. (Compare Tac. Hist. 1.59.) He escaped the danger, but he did not forget the affront. He thought of Hannibal and Sertorius, like whom he had lost an eye; and, being endowed, says Tacitus, with greater mental power than is common among barbarians, he began the executio