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234 BC (search for this): entry cn-naevius-bio-1
f Naevius were in the drama, then recently introduced at Rome by Livius Andronicus. According to Gellius, in the passage just cited, Naevius produced his first play in the year of Rome 519, or B. C. 235. Gellius, however, makes this event coincident with the divorce of a certain Carvilius Ruga, which, in another passage (4.3) he places four years later (B. C. 231), but mentions wrong consuls. Dionysius (2.25) also fixes the divorce of Carvilius at the latter date; Valerius Maximus (2.1) in B. C. 234. These variations are too slight to be of much importance Naevius was attached to the plebeian party; an opponent of the nobility, and inimical to the innovations then making in the national literature. These feelings he shared with Cato; and, though the great censor was considerably his junior, it is probable, as indeed we may infer from Cicero's Cato (100.14), that a friendship existed between them. It was in his latter days, and when Cato must have already entered upon public life, that
204 BC (search for this): entry cn-naevius-bio-1
as soon compelled to expiate a new offence by exile. At that time a man might choose his own place of banishment, and Naevius fixed upon Utica. Here it was, probably, that he wrote his poem on the first Punic war, which, as we learn from Cicero (De Senect. 14), was the work of his old age; and here it is certain that he died; but as to the exact year there is some difference of opinion. According to Cicero (Cic. Brut. 15), his decease took place in the consulship of Cethegus and Tuditanns, B. C. 204. As we learn, however, from the same passage that this was by no means a settled point, and that Varro, diligentissimus investigator antiquitatis, extended his life rather longer, it may be safer to place his death, with Hieronymus (in Euseb. Chron. Ol. 144.3), in B. C. 202, which was probably the date of Varro. The epitaph which he composed upon himself, preserved by Gellius in the passage alluded to at the beginning of this notice, runs as follows:-- Mortales immortales flere si foret f
235 BC (search for this): entry cn-naevius-bio-1
re the close of the preceding one, or somewhere between the years 274 and 264 B. C. And this agrees well enough with what Gellius tells us (17.21), on the authority of Varro, about his serving in the first Punic war, which began in 264 B. C., and lasted twenty-four years. The first literary attempts of Naevius were in the drama, then recently introduced at Rome by Livius Andronicus. According to Gellius, in the passage just cited, Naevius produced his first play in the year of Rome 519, or B. C. 235. Gellius, however, makes this event coincident with the divorce of a certain Carvilius Ruga, which, in another passage (4.3) he places four years later (B. C. 231), but mentions wrong consuls. Dionysius (2.25) also fixes the divorce of Carvilius at the latter date; Valerius Maximus (2.1) in B. C. 234. These variations are too slight to be of much importance Naevius was attached to the plebeian party; an opponent of the nobility, and inimical to the innovations then making in the national l
202 BC (search for this): entry cn-naevius-bio-1
f his old age; and here it is certain that he died; but as to the exact year there is some difference of opinion. According to Cicero (Cic. Brut. 15), his decease took place in the consulship of Cethegus and Tuditanns, B. C. 204. As we learn, however, from the same passage that this was by no means a settled point, and that Varro, diligentissimus investigator antiquitatis, extended his life rather longer, it may be safer to place his death, with Hieronymus (in Euseb. Chron. Ol. 144.3), in B. C. 202, which was probably the date of Varro. The epitaph which he composed upon himself, preserved by Gellius in the passage alluded to at the beginning of this notice, runs as follows:-- Mortales immortales flere si foret fas, Flerent Divae Camenae Naevium poetam. Itaque postquam est Orcino traditus thesauro Obliti sunt Romani loquier Latina lingua. Naevius seems to have transmitted an hereditary enmity against the nobility, if, indeed, the tribune Naevius, who accused Scipio of peculation in
185 BC (search for this): entry cn-naevius-bio-1
which was probably the date of Varro. The epitaph which he composed upon himself, preserved by Gellius in the passage alluded to at the beginning of this notice, runs as follows:-- Mortales immortales flere si foret fas, Flerent Divae Camenae Naevium poetam. Itaque postquam est Orcino traditus thesauro Obliti sunt Romani loquier Latina lingua. Naevius seems to have transmitted an hereditary enmity against the nobility, if, indeed, the tribune Naevius, who accused Scipio of peculation in B. C. 185, was of his family. (Liv. 38.56; Gel. 4.18.) [See above, NAEVIUS, No. 4.] Works Epic poetry Naevius was both an epic and a dramatic poet. The work which entitled him to the former appellation was his poem before alluded to on the first Punic war, of which a few fragments are still extant. It was written in the old Saturnian metre; for Ennius, who introduced the hexameter among the Romans, was not brought to Rome till after the banishment of Naevius. The poem appears to have opened wit
231 BC (search for this): entry cn-naevius-bio-1
y of Varro, about his serving in the first Punic war, which began in 264 B. C., and lasted twenty-four years. The first literary attempts of Naevius were in the drama, then recently introduced at Rome by Livius Andronicus. According to Gellius, in the passage just cited, Naevius produced his first play in the year of Rome 519, or B. C. 235. Gellius, however, makes this event coincident with the divorce of a certain Carvilius Ruga, which, in another passage (4.3) he places four years later (B. C. 231), but mentions wrong consuls. Dionysius (2.25) also fixes the divorce of Carvilius at the latter date; Valerius Maximus (2.1) in B. C. 234. These variations are too slight to be of much importance Naevius was attached to the plebeian party; an opponent of the nobility, and inimical to the innovations then making in the national literature. These feelings he shared with Cato; and, though the great censor was considerably his junior, it is probable, as indeed we may infer from Cicero's Cato
210 BC (search for this): entry cn-naevius-bio-1
wing verses, where a little scandalous anecdote respecting the elder Scipio is accompanied with the praise justly due to his merits: -- Etiam qui res magnas manu saepe gessit gloriose, Cujus facta viva nunc vigent, qui apud gentes solus praestat, Eum suus pater cum pallio uno ab amica abduxit. These lines, a fragment probably of some interlude, would have derived much of their piquancy from their contrast with the current story of Scipio's continence after the taking of Carthago Nova, in B. C. 210. Asconius (Cic. Ver. 1.10) has preserved the following lampoon on the Metelli:-- Fato Metelli Romae fiunt consules; where the insinuation is, as Cicero explains in the passage to which the note of Asconius refers, that the Metelli attained to the consular dignity, not by any merit of their own, but through the blind influence of fate. In what year could this attack have been made? From the way in which the answer to it is recorded by Asconius, it would seem to have been during the actual c
206 BC (search for this): entry cn-naevius-bio-1
t by any merit of their own, but through the blind influence of fate. In what year could this attack have been made? From the way in which the answer to it is recorded by Asconius, it would seem to have been during the actual consulship of one of the family. (Cui tunc Metellus consul iratus responderat senario hypercatalecto, qui et Saturnius dicitur, Dabunt malum Metelli Naevio poetae). It can hardly be doubted, therefore, that the person in question was Q. Caecilius Metellus, consul in B. C. 206. The haughty aristocracy of Rome were by no means disposed to let such attacks pass unpunished. By the law of the Twelve Tables a libel was a capital offence, and Metellus carried his threat into execution by indicting Naevius. The poet escaped with his life, but was given into the custody of the triumviri capitales (Gel. 3.3); an imprisonment to which Plautus alludes in his Miles Gloriosus (2.2. 56). Confinement brought repentance. Whilst in prison he composed two plays, the Hariolus and