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Russian (search for this): chapter 10
boats could be easily let down. When all was ready, the boats were once more inspected, to see if everything was in order; the men then lay down near them, till the signal was given to begin the passage. The artillery was arranged in the following manner:-- One battery, B, of 12-pounders, was placed, as shown in the plan, to sweep the country between the two woods; another battery, A, consisting principally of howitzers, was placed so as to be able to shell the barracks of the three Russian battalions placed a little behind the Hardt-holz; finally, a battery of 12-pounders was placed opposite Oetweil, a little beyond, so as to sweep the main road from this place to Wurenlos, which is on the right side of the Limmat, and bordered by very steep hills several hundred feet high. The object in having this battery was to prevent General Durasoff coming to the assistance of Markoff. These dispositions were made in such silence that even the French troops were unaware of them.
Latour (search for this): chapter 10
y, the pursuing enemy. If we retreat in consequence of a strategical movement and are pursued by an inferior enemy, as was Moreau in 1796, we should act like him — that is, to disengage our rear by trying to engage and defeat the pursuer. General Latour, with only 30,000 men, was imprudent enough to accept the battle offered to him by Moreau with 50,000 men. Latour was defeated at Biberach, on the 2d of October, 1796; after his victory, Moreau continued his retreat unmolested. Descents Latour was defeated at Biberach, on the 2d of October, 1796; after his victory, Moreau continued his retreat unmolested. Descents and expeditions. here, again, we must consider the strategical and the tactical arrangement. Descents are undertaken for the conquest of a country or an island; or they have only a restricted object, such as the destruction of arsenals, depots, ships, etc. etc. of an enemy; or, finally, they are made to serve as a Diversion. If the object of an expedition is the conquest of a country, the first thing necessary is to see that its means are sufficient. If acting against an uncivilized n
Murray (search for this): chapter 10
lands, we have but to look at English history for examples. James, in his excellent naval history, gives a detailed description of all those made during the wars of the French revolution and empire. On the other hand, expeditions against a civilized country are attended with the greatest difficulties and danger. The English armies in the United States are a proof of this, and the Peninsular war might likewise serve as an example. If we look at Moore's retreat to Corunna in 1809, and at Murray's expedition to Tarragona, we will see all the dangers arising from such enterprises. The English could never have succeeded in conquering the Peninsula, had they not been assisted by the population of the whole country. Expeditions with a restricted object, but still of a certain extent, are scarcely ever attended with the results we anticipate; or, at least, what we obtain by them is seldom an equivalent for the cost. Examples of this are the English expedition to Antwerp in 1809, and
Soult (search for this): chapter 10
ion with Suwaroff. To effect this, he was obliged to cross the Limmat; and he therefore made the necessary arrangements to do so near Dietikon. The division of Soult had orders to pass the Lynth between the Lake of Zurich and that of Wallenstadt; a part of the division of Menard was to make a demonstration on the Limmat below Dal Gortschakoff, were placed on the left side of the Limmat, between Wollishofen and Siehfeld. 3000 men were near Kloten; the remaining 5000 men were opposed to Soult on the upper part of the Lake of Zurich. Massena's passage of the Limmat 25 Sept 1799. The Russians had disposed many pickets along the Limmat, and had placet the latter felt all the danger of his position; he called in his reserve, and, with the assistance of some of the battalions arrived from the 5000 men opposed to Soult, he was enabled to repulse Massena, forcing him back as far as Wipkingen. General Klein, in the mean time, with his reserve, advanced on the left side of the Limm
Kutusoff (search for this): chapter 10
The Archduke was called back to Germany; but he left General Kutusoff, with 27,000 men, in Zurich and its environs. Suwaroff, coming from Italy, was to join Kutusoff. Massena, being informed of the allies' plan, took the decision to pass to the offensive, to defeat Kutusoff before he could make his intended junction with Suwaroff. To effect this, he was obliged toe of 3000 men near Schwamendingen. The headquarters of Kutusoff were in Zurich. Two corps, composed of 5600 men, underosity, and had succeeded in driving him toward Zurich. Kutusoff, thinking this was the main attack, called the 3000 reserena had arrived at the gates of Zurich, and even summoned Kutusoff to surrender, that the latter felt all the danger of his ored to reach Zurich, and only arrived at a junction with Kutusoff by making a great circuit. The next day, Kutusoff trieKutusoff tried to open himself a passage in the direction of Winterthur; in this attempt he lost a great part of his army. Passage of
Baden (search for this): chapter 10
between Wollishofen and Siehfeld. 3000 men were near Kloten; the remaining 5000 men were opposed to Soult on the upper part of the Lake of Zurich. Massena's passage of the Limmat 25 Sept 1799. The Russians had disposed many pickets along the Limmat, and had placed a sentry at nearly every 100 yards. The position of the French was:-- The division of Mortier, 6000 men, opposed to General Gortschakoff. The 5th division, General Lorges, 12,000 men, distributed from Schlieren to Baden. The 6th division, General Menard, 8000 men, at Baden and on the lower banks of the river. The reserve, division of Klein, in the Frickthal. There dispositions for the passage were-- 1st. The division of Lorges and part of the division of Menard, in all 16,000 men, were to cross the Limmat at Dietikon — the Engineers commanded by Colonel Dedon, and the Artillery by Chef d'escadron Foy. 2d. As soon as the passage had been forced, General Lorges was to leave a strong detachmen
Menard (search for this): chapter 10
to pass the Lynth between the Lake of Zurich and that of Wallenstadt; a part of the division of Menard was to make a demonstration on the Limmat below Dietikon and near the junction with the River Aaision, General Lorges, 12,000 men, distributed from Schlieren to Baden. The 6th division, General Menard, 8000 men, at Baden and on the lower banks of the river. The reserve, division of Klein, dispositions for the passage were-- 1st. The division of Lorges and part of the division of Menard, in all 16,000 men, were to cross the Limmat at Dietikon — the Engineers commanded by Colonel Ded Zurich, to cut off the retreat of the Russian left wing under General Gortschakoff. 3d. General Menard, with his remaining troops, was to demonstrate near Baden, and to draw the attention of the e Limmat to support Mortier, and they forced General Gortschakoff to fall back on Zurich. General Menard's demonstration on the left wing had been very successful. To deceive the Russians as to hi
James (search for this): chapter 10
the first thing necessary is to see that its means are sufficient. If acting against an uncivilized nation, which has no regular army, or at least without such armed and disciplined men as our own, the result of such a descent is generally a favorable one. The conquest of India by the English, of Egypt and Algiers by the French, and the expedition by these powers united against China, are examples of this. For descents on islands, we have but to look at English history for examples. James, in his excellent naval history, gives a detailed description of all those made during the wars of the French revolution and empire. On the other hand, expeditions against a civilized country are attended with the greatest difficulties and danger. The English armies in the United States are a proof of this, and the Peninsular war might likewise serve as an example. If we look at Moore's retreat to Corunna in 1809, and at Murray's expedition to Tarragona, we will see all the dangers aris
Turenne (search for this): chapter 10
other side. The passage commenced, but Crequi hesitated to attack. When asked why he did not begin, he replied, that the more that passed, the more would be beaten. At last he attacked; but the enemy had already assembled in such strength that he himself was totally routed. Finally, there is one way more to render a passage ineffectual, which we may follow. It is, to cross the river ourselves as soon as the enemy does. In 1674, Montecuculi crossed the Rhine to make war in France. Turenne, who was opposed to him, instead of defending the French territory, crossed himself this river, and commenced operations in Germany, and by this forced Montecuculi's return. The following example will show in detail how the passage of a river might be conducted:-- Example: passage of the Limmat by Massena, 1799. In 1799, the Archduke Charles, with an Austrian army, was opposed by General Massena; their two armies were separated by the Lake of Zurich, the Limmat, and the Aar. The Ar
Dahlgren (search for this): chapter 10
treat in the same space covered by their ships. It is exactly the same as a river forming a curve. If the descent is to be made on a part where the enemy is in force, it is necessary to deceive him on the real point, to draw his forces in another direction, by making feigned attacks, and by bringing the ships of transport in the night near the chosen point of descent, which should be made at daybreak. All the large boats should be provided with boat howitzers, similar to those of Captain Dahlgren, for instance, which are of an excellent pattern; they should be landed, and immediately serve as artillery to the troops going on shore, until their own field artillery is landed. The disembarkation should be well flanked by the ships of war. As soon as a sufficient number of troops is assembled, and if the enemy has been totally deceived as to the point of attack, they should advance, without losing time, against the rear or flank of the enemy, who is not prepared for such an atta
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