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Scipio Africanus (search for this): chapter 16
ousand cities. Hannibal joined the Carthaginian army in Spain at twenty-two, and was made commander-in-chief at twenty-six. Victorious in Spain and France, he crossed the Alps and won the battle of Cannae before the age of thirty-one. Scipio Africanus, (the elder,) at the age of sixteen distinguished himself at the battle of Ticinus; at twenty was made edile, and soon after pro-consul in Spain; at twenty-nine he won the great battle of Zama, and closed his military career. Scipio AfricanScipio Africanus (the younger) also distinguished himself in early life; at the age of thirty-six he had conquered the Carthaginian armies and completed the destruction of Carthage. Gengis-Khan succeeded to the domain of his father at the age of thirteen, and almost immediately raised an army of thirty thousand men, with which he defeated a numerous force of rebels, who had thought to take advantage of his extreme youth to withdraw from his dominion. He soon acquired a military reputation by numerous conq
Alexander Hamilton (search for this): chapter 16
e number of pupils. It is seen from these statistics, that the European powers are not so negligent in educating their officers, and in instructing and disciplining their soldiers, as some in this country would have us believe. Washington, Hamilton, Knox, Pickering, and others, learning, by their own experience in the war of the American revolution, the great necessity of military education, urged upon our government, as early as 1783, the importance of establishing a military academy in tourgaud, Chamberry, and a host of other distinguished young generals, fully justified the praises which the emperor lavished on his poulet aux oeufs d'or, --the hen that laid him golden eggs! In our own revolutionary war, Generals Washington, Hamilton, Gates, Schuyler, Knox, Alexander, (Lord Stirling,) the two Clintons, the Lees, and others. were men of fine education, and a part of them of high literary and scientific attainments; Washington, Gates, Charles Lee, the Clintons, and some other
Prince Maurice (search for this): chapter 16
d at forty-five commissaire-general of all the fortifications of France. At the age of twenty-five he had himself conducted several sieges, and had assisted at many others. Turenne entered the army before the age of fourteen; he served one year as a volunteer, four years as a captain, four years as a colonel, three years as a major-general, five years as a lieutenant-general, and became a marshal of France at thirty-two. He had won all his military reputation by the age of forty. Prince Maurice commanded an army at the age of sixteen, and acquired his military reputation in very early life. He died at fifty-eight. The great Conde immortalized his name at the battle of Rocroi, in which, at the age of twenty-two, he defeated the Spaniards. He had won all his great military fame before the age of twenty-five. Prince Eugene of Savoy was a colonel at twenty-one, a lieutenant-field-marshal at twenty-four, and soon after, a general-field-marshal. He gained the battle of Zenta
Jomini (search for this): chapter 16
ar, but he had now become timid and inefficient, age having destroyed his energy. In the campaign of 1805 the French were opposed by Kutusof, then sixty, and. Mack, then fifty-three; the plan of operations was drawn up by still more aged generals of the Aulic council. In the campaign of 1806 the French were opposed by the Duke of Brunswick, then seventy-one, Hohenlohe, then sixty, and Mollendorf, Kleist, and Massenbach, old generals, who had served under the great Frederick,--men, says Jomini, exhumed from the Seven Years War, --whose faculties were frozen by age, --who had been buried for the last ten years in a lethargic sleep. In the campaign of 1807 the French were opposed by Kamenski, then eighty years of age, Benningsen, then sixty, and Buxhowden, then fifty-six. The Allies now began to profit by their experience, and in 1809 the Austrian army was led by the young, active, skilful, and energetic Archduke Charles; and this campaign, although the commander-in-chief was so
Washington (search for this): chapter 16
s established too late to furnish officers for any of the earlier wars of Napoleon; but. in his last campaigns he began to reap the advantages of an institution which had been under his fostering care, and Bertrand, Dode, Duponthon, Haxo, Rogniat, Fleury, Valaze, Gourgaud, Chamberry, and a host of other distinguished young generals, fully justified the praises which the emperor lavished on his poulet aux oeufs d'or, --the hen that laid him golden eggs! In our own revolutionary war, Generals Washington, Hamilton, Gates, Schuyler, Knox, Alexander, (Lord Stirling,) the two Clintons, the Lees, and others. were men of fine education, and a part of them of high literary and scientific attainments; Washington, Gates, Charles Lee, the Clintons, and some others, had considerable military experience even before the war: nevertheless, so destitute was the army, generally, of military science, that the government was under the necessity of seeking it in foreigners — in the La Fayettes, the Ko
Memoires Napoleon (search for this): chapter 16
advantage to a general;--that in the wars of Napoleon, and in the American Revolution, and the Amerry school of Auxerre, and a fellow-pupil with Napoleon in the military school of Paris. Kleber was rnish officers for any of the earlier wars of Napoleon; but. in his last campaigns he began to reap e, and became governor of Bengal at forty. Napoleon was made a lieutenant at seventeen, a captaincipal generals who commanded in the armies of Napoleon, let us look for a moment at those who oppose chiefs of staff. In the campaign of 1815, Napoleon was opposed by the combinations of Wellingtona, and Russia, in their earlier contests with Napoleon, i. e., to supply our armies with generals, wleber, was lost by the seniority of Menou. Napoleon formed rules for promotion, both for peace anf the enemy's line of defence, as was done by Napoleon in the Marengo campaign. Fig. 5.-- Napoleonf reserve. Fig. 6 shows the plan adopted by Napoleon in the campaign of 1800, to preserve his comm[5 more...]
Rogniat (search for this): chapter 16
rom experience the advantages of military instruction, and the importance of professional education in the army, and they have consequently both been the warmest friends and strongest advocates of the military schools of France. The Polytechnic School was established too late to furnish officers for any of the earlier wars of Napoleon; but. in his last campaigns he began to reap the advantages of an institution which had been under his fostering care, and Bertrand, Dode, Duponthon, Haxo, Rogniat, Fleury, Valaze, Gourgaud, Chamberry, and a host of other distinguished young generals, fully justified the praises which the emperor lavished on his poulet aux oeufs d'or, --the hen that laid him golden eggs! In our own revolutionary war, Generals Washington, Hamilton, Gates, Schuyler, Knox, Alexander, (Lord Stirling,) the two Clintons, the Lees, and others. were men of fine education, and a part of them of high literary and scientific attainments; Washington, Gates, Charles Lee, the C
Scharnhorst (search for this): chapter 16
succeeding campaigns, rolled back the waves of French conquest, and finally overthrew the French empire. Wellington, who led the English in these campaigns, was of the same age as Napoleon, and had been educated at the same time with him in the military schools of France. The Austrians were led by Schwartzenburg, then only about thirty, and the Prussians by Yorck, Bulow, and Blucher. The last of these was then well advanced in life, but all his movements being directed by younger men,--Scharnhorst and Gneisenau,--his operations partook of the energy of his able chiefs of staff. In the campaign of 1815, Napoleon was opposed by the combinations of Wellington and Gneisenau, both younger men than most of his own generals, who, it is well known, exhibited, in this campaign, less than in former ones, the ardent energy and restless activity which had characterized their younger days. Never were Napoleon's plans better conceived, never did his troops fight with greater bravery; but the
March, 1802 AD (search for this): chapter 16
academy, where a regular course of military instruction could be given. Whatever argument, said he, may be drawn from particular examples, superficially viewed, a thorough examination of the subject will evince that the art of war is both comprehensive and complicated; that it demands much previous study; and that the possession of it in its most improved and perfect state is always of great moment to the security of a nation. The subject was however postponed from time to time, till March, 1802, when a bill was passed establishing the Military Academy. It was at first on a small scale, and its course of instruction meager and deficient. It gradually became enlarged, but lingered along, with no great improvement, till 1817, when Capt. Patridge was dismissed from the superintendency, and Col. Thayer put in charge. From this period we date the commencement of the success and reputation which the Military Academy has since enjoyed. This institution, as now organized, consists o
1812 AD (search for this): chapter 16
cademy, that military instruction is of little or no advantage to a general;--that in the wars of Napoleon, and in the American Revolution, and the American war of 1812, armies were generally led to victory by men without a military education, and unacquainted with military science;--and that in the event of another war in this cod by the disobedience of his brother, was nevertheless the most glorious in the Austrian annals of the wars of the Revolution. At the opening of the campaign of 1812 the Emperor Alexander, young, (only thirty-five,) active, intelligent, and ambitious, had remodelled his army, and infused into it his own energy and enthusiastic greater bravery; but the dilatory movements of his generals enabled his active enemies to parry the blow intended for their destruction. In the American war of 1812, we pursued the same course as Austria, Prussia, and Russia, in their earlier contests with Napoleon, i. e., to supply our armies with generals, we dug up the Beau
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