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19th (search for this): chapter 59
as those of the Chickamauga is hard to conceive, for at that stage of the civil war a cruise against the coasting trade of the North could only show the desperate straits to which the Confederates were reduced, and was merely an attempt to keep up the semblance of a war on the ocean. The Atlanta made two trips to Wilmington as a blockade-runner. She was then converted into a cruiser and named the Tallahassee. Under this name she left the Cape Fear River early in August, 1864. and on the 19th of that month arrived at Halifax, after capturing and destroying several vessels. Owing to the vigilance of the authorities, who in this instance were upon the alert to prevent a violation of the neutrality laws, the Tallahassee was unable to obtain coal or othersupplies, and was obliged to return to Wilmington. In November this vessel made another attempt, under the name of the Olustee, and took a few prizes, but, returning to Wilmington, assumed her old character of merchant vessel and bl
May 6th (search for this): chapter 59
c as the Alabama, for in the space of five months she captured but fifteen vessels, which were all destroyed in the usual style of the Confederate cruisers. Her cruising-ground extended from the latitude of New York to the southward of Bahia, in Brazil. In the vicinity of Fernando Noronha, Maffitt picked up a vessel called the Lapwing, loaded with coal, and, by converting her into a tender, was enabled to supply himself with fuel as long as he wished to remain on the station. On the 6th of May the brig Clarence was captured off the coast of Brazil, armed by Maffitt with some light guns, and placed in command of Lieutenant Charles W. Read, formerly a midshipman in the U. S. Navy--and another Confederate State's vessel-of-war was created in the shortest possible time, with orders to burn, sink and destroy; although it was doubtful if Maffitt's authority to commission vessels would have been recognized in case he should have fallen in with a superior force. Lieutenant Read was b
June (search for this): chapter 59
, not satisfied with destroying peaceable merchantmen, he longed for higher distinction, for Read had in him the stuff to make a gallant naval commander. The career of the Archer was short. The news of a privateer on the coast of New England was spread far and wide. Several gun-boats were cruising up and down the coast in search ot Maffitt, who was reported off Nova Scotia; but their commanders do not seem to have been aware of Read and his peculiar performances. In the latter part of June, two days after the Archer had been commissioned as a cruiser, Read determined to cut out the revenue-cutter Caleb Cushing, from the harbor of Portland, Maine. In this design he was successful; the vessel was surprised by the boats of the Archer and carried by boarding. The people on shore hastily manned and armed several steamers, and followed the Caleb Cushing to sea. As Read saw that he must be overtaken, and that he could make no successful resistance. he set fire to the Cushing and at
June 10th (search for this): chapter 59
ant Charles W. Read, formerly a midshipman in the U. S. Navy--and another Confederate State's vessel-of-war was created in the shortest possible time, with orders to burn, sink and destroy; although it was doubtful if Maffitt's authority to commission vessels would have been recognized in case he should have fallen in with a superior force. Lieutenant Read was bold and full of resources, seeming to disdain all danger. He shaped his course for the coast of the United States, and by the 10th of June had captured five vessels, four of which were destroyed. The fifth was the schooner Tacony, and this vessel, being better suited to his purpose than the Clarence. Read burned the latter, after transferring her crew, guns and stores to the Tacony. During the next fortnight the Tacony made ten prizes. Here was a Confederate cruiser right upon the coast, burning and sinking coasting vessels with impunity, for not a single United States vessel was to be seen. This was a new style of wa
June 28th (search for this): chapter 59
f 1852, when the British Government gave American merchant vessels the privilege of trading on the Australian coast on the same terms as were accorded to those of Great Britain; but the colonists placed so many restrictions on United States vessels, steam-ships especially, that the latter were driven away. On the 18th February, 1865, the Shenandoah proceeded under sail to the vicinity of Behring's Straits, where a large number of whaling vessels were captured and destroyed. Until the 28th of June, the ocean was ablaze with burning ships, whose crews were subjected to very inhuman treatment. Waddell continued his operations for over two months after hostilities between the North and South had terminated, professing that he had no intimation of the surrender of the Confederate armies until the date above mentioned; but he must have known when he left Melbourne that the Confederate struggle for independence was practically at an end. When Waddell was assured that the Confederate Gov
July (search for this): chapter 59
n Maffitt only succeeded in destroying three small vessels. He then put into Nassau, where, it will be remembered, the Florida, formerly the Oreto, had been seized by the authorities and her case brought before the courts for violation of the Enlistment Act. The merchant to whom the vessel was consigned swore that the Oreto was a bona fide merchant vessel, while at that very moment her guns and munitions of war were on board another vessel in the harbor. When the ship returned to Nassau in July, under the name of the Florida, her appearance at first caused considerable confusion among the witnesses and officials, for it was evident that a flagrant breach of the British Foreign Enlistment Act had been committed. However, this circumstance did not seriously influence the British authorities at Nassau. Maffitt had entered a bona fide Confederate port, and now that he was again in Nassau, with a regular commission, a good crew, and the Confederate flag at his peak, he received an ov
July 11th (search for this): chapter 59
seizure of the Georgia by the British authorities; for the latter, owing to the firm stand taken by Mr. Adams, had begun seriously to reflect on the probable consequences of further trespassing on the patience of the United States Government, as it was evident the collapse of the Confederacy was now not far off. In writing of the probability that Laird's rams would be permitted to get to sea, Mr. Adams remarks: In the notes which I had the honor to address to your Lordship on the 11th of July and the 14th of August, I believe I stated the importance attached by my Government to the decision involved in this case, with sufficient distinctness. Since that date I have had the opportunity to receive from the United States a full approbation of their contents. At the same time I feel it my painful duty to make known to your Lordship, that in some respects it has fallen short in expressing the earnestness with which I have been in the interval directed to describe the grave nature
August 14th (search for this): chapter 59
a by the British authorities; for the latter, owing to the firm stand taken by Mr. Adams, had begun seriously to reflect on the probable consequences of further trespassing on the patience of the United States Government, as it was evident the collapse of the Confederacy was now not far off. In writing of the probability that Laird's rams would be permitted to get to sea, Mr. Adams remarks: In the notes which I had the honor to address to your Lordship on the 11th of July and the 14th of August, I believe I stated the importance attached by my Government to the decision involved in this case, with sufficient distinctness. Since that date I have had the opportunity to receive from the United States a full approbation of their contents. At the same time I feel it my painful duty to make known to your Lordship, that in some respects it has fallen short in expressing the earnestness with which I have been in the interval directed to describe the grave nature of the situation in w
October (search for this): chapter 59
mmission as the Shenandoah. The plans for the Shenandoah's operations had been carefully matured at Richmond by Commander Brooke, of the Confederate Navy, and were based upon the movements of the Pacific whaling fleet. The latter habitually cruised in the neighborhood of the Carolina Islands for sperm whale, going north to the Sea of Ochotsk for right whale, thence to Behring's Straits and the Arctic Ocean. Returning from the north, the whalers generally reached the Sandwich Islands in October or November for refreshment. The plan was for the Shenandoah to be at these various points simultaneously with the whaling fleet, and thus to sweep it from the sea. There was no longer much opportunity of injuring United States commerce in the ordinary channels of trade, for the Alabama and Florida had done their work pretty thoroughly, and a number of new and fast cruisers had been sent by the Federal Government to guard what remained. The new cruising-ground mapped out for the Shenandoa
November (search for this): chapter 59
eighborhood of the Carolina Islands for sperm whale, going north to the Sea of Ochotsk for right whale, thence to Behring's Straits and the Arctic Ocean. Returning from the north, the whalers generally reached the Sandwich Islands in October or November for refreshment. The plan was for the Shenandoah to be at these various points simultaneously with the whaling fleet, and thus to sweep it from the sea. There was no longer much opportunity of injuring United States commerce in the ordinary chavessels. Owing to the vigilance of the authorities, who in this instance were upon the alert to prevent a violation of the neutrality laws, the Tallahassee was unable to obtain coal or othersupplies, and was obliged to return to Wilmington. In November this vessel made another attempt, under the name of the Olustee, and took a few prizes, but, returning to Wilmington, assumed her old character of merchant vessel and blockade-runner. She received the appropriate name of Chameleon, and in Decem
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