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Casey (search for this): chapter 1.10
ars, from the testimony taken before the United States Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War, that it was not until July 3d that the heights which overlooked the encampment of the retreating army were occupied, and from the manuscript notes on the war by General J. E. B. Stuart, we learn that he easily gained and took possession of the heights, and with his light howitzer opened fire upon the enemy's camp, producing great commotion. This was described by the veteran soldier, General Casey of the United States Army, thus: The enemy had come down with some artillery upon our army massed together on the river, the heights commanding the position not being in our possession. Had the enemy come down and taken possession of those heights with a force of twenty or thirty thousand men, they would, in my opinion, have taken the whole of our army except that small portion of it that might have got off on the transports. General Lee was not a man of hesitation, and they hav
John A. Dix (search for this): chapter 1.10
n days battles—which those who know his extreme accuracy and minuteness of inquiry will be quite ready to do—and deducting from the 23,000 the casualties in the battle of Seven Pines (6,084), we have 16,916; if to this be added whatever number of absentees may have joined the army in anticipation of active operations, a number which I have no means of ascertaining, the result will be the whole increment to the army with which General Lee took the offensive against McClellan. It appears from the official returns of the Army of the Potomac that on June 20th General McClellan had present for duty 115,102 men. It is stated that McClellan reached the James River with between 85,000 and 90,000 men, and that his loss in the seven days battles was 15,249; this would make the army 105,000 strong at the commencement of the battles. Swinton's History of the Army of the Potomac. Probably General Dix's corps of 9,277 men, stationed at Fortress Monroe, is not included in this last stateme
Charles Marshall (search for this): chapter 1.10
pon the case. In the Southern Historical Society Papers, June, 1876, is published an extract from an address of Colonel Charles Marshall, secretary and aidede-camp to General R. E. Lee, before the Virginia Division of the Army of Northern Virginia. In it Colonel Marshall quotes General J. E. Johnston as saying: General Lee did not attack the enemy until the 26th of June, because he was employed from the 1st until then in forming a great army by bringing to that which I had commanded 15,00,000 men from the Valley, in the divisions of Jackson and Ewell. . . . These numbers added together make 53,000. Colonel Marshall then proceeds, from official reports, to show that all these numbers were exaggerated, and that one brigade, spoken til after the seven days, and that another brigade, of which General Johnston admitted he did not know the strength, Colonel Marshall thought it safer to refer to as the unknown brigade, which, he suggests, may have been a small command under General
J. E. B. Stuart (search for this): chapter 1.10
e battle Malvern Hill our position the attack expedition of General Stuart destruction of the enemy's stores assaults on the enemy retr and driving the enemy across the Chickahominy, the force under General Stuart proceeded down the railroad to ascertain if there was any movemd toward Fortress Monroe. With one gun and some dismounted men General Stuart drove off a gunboat which lay near the White House, and rescued more than ten thousand stand of small arms, partially burned. General Stuart describes his march down the enemy's line of communication withent. On July 2d the pursuit was commenced, the cavalry under General Stuart in advance. The knowledge acquired since the event renders it were occupied, and from the manuscript notes on the war by General J. E. B. Stuart, we learn that he easily gained and took possession of the75,760 D. R. Jones's division2133,500 Whiting's division2523,600 Stuart's cavalry2953,740 Pendleton's artillery1031,716 Rhett's artillery
Whiting (search for this): chapter 1.10
r, under whose incessant fire our movements had to be executed. Jackson formed his line with Whiting's division on his left and D. H. Hill's on his right, one of Ewell's brigades occupying the int21, 1862, he had present for duty as follows: Smith's dvision, consisting of the brigades of Whiting, Hood, Hampton, Hatton, and Pettigrew10,592 Longstreet's division, consisting of the brigades 8 A. P. Hill's division51910,104 Anderson's division3575,760 D. R. Jones's division2133,500 Whiting's division2523,600 Stuart's cavalry2953,740 Pendleton's artillery1031,716 Rhett's artillery7500 men. General Lee, after the battle of Seven Pines, had sent two large brigades under General Whiting to cooperate with General Jackson in the Valley, and to return with him, according to instr men. In this, General Early does not include either Lawton's brigade or the two brigades with Whiting, and reaches the conclusion that the whole force received by General Lee was about 23,000—about
H. W. Taylor (search for this): chapter 1.10
the country, enabled General McClellan skillfully to conceal his retreat, and to add much to the obstructions with which nature had beset the way of our pursuing columns. We had, however, effected our main purpose. The siege of Richmond was raised, and the object of a campaign which had been prosecuted after months of preparation, at an enormous expenditure of men and money, was completely frustrated. Reports of Generals Robert E. Lee, Pendleton, A. P. Hill, Huger, Alexander, and Major H. W. Taylor, in his Four Years with Lee, have been drawn upon for the foregoing. More than ten thousand prisoners, including officers of rank, fifty-two pieces of artillery, and upward of thirty-five thousand stand of small arms were captured. The stores and supplies of every description which fell into our hands were great in amount and value, but small in comparison with those destroyed by the enemy. His losses in battle exceeded our own, as attested by the thousands of dead and wounded l
Henry A. Wise (search for this): chapter 1.10
aited, to begin the attack. On the 29th General Holmes had crossed from the south side of the James River, and on the 30th was reenforced by a detachment of General Wise's brigade. He moved down the River Road, with a view to gaining, near Malvern Hill, a position which would command the supposed route of the retreating army. y from their homes to Richmond. It was this fatal defect in preparation, and the erroneous answers of the guides, that caused General Lee first to post Holmes and Wise, when they came down the River Road, at New Market, where, he was told, was the route that McClellan must pursue in his retreat to the James. Learning subsequentlchmond. General Holmes's report, made July 15, 1862, states that on June 29th he brought his command to the north side of the James River, and was joined by General Wise's brigade. With this addition, his force amounted to 6,000 infantry and six batteries of artillery. General Ransom's brigade had been transferred from the di
Meade (search for this): chapter 1.10
ered for attack. It fell out, however, that the enemy did move before morning, and that the fact of the works' having been evacuated was first learned by an officer on the north side of the river, who, the next morning (the 29th), about sunrise, was examining their works by the aid of a field glass. Generals Longstreet and A. P. Hill were promptly ordered to recross the Chickahominy at New Bridge, and move by the Darbytown and Long Bridge roads. General Lee, having sent his engineer, Captain Meade, to examine the condition of the abandoned works, came to the south side of the Chickahominy to unite his command and direct its movements. Magruder and Huger found the whole line of works deserted, and large quantities of military stores of every description abandoned or destroyed. They were immediately ordered in pursuit, the former by the Charles City Road, so as to take the enemy's army in flank; the latter by the Williamsburg Road, to attack his rear. Jackson was directed to cr
Binford (search for this): chapter 1.10
attlefield of the previous day, having forced the passage of White-Oak Swamp, where he captured some artillery and a number of prisoners. He was directed to follow the route of the enemy's retreat, but soon found him in position on a high ridge in front of Malvern Hill. Here, on a line of great natural strength, he had posted his powerful artillery, supported by his large force of infantry, covered by hastily constructed entrenchments. His left rested near Crew's house and his right near Binford's. Immediately in his front the ground was open, varying in width from a quarter to half a mile, and, sloping gradually from the crest, was completely swept by the fire of his infantry and artillery. To reach this open ground our troops had to advance through a broken and thickly wooded country, traversed nearly throughout its whole extent by a swamp passable at only a few places and difficult at these. The whole was within range of the batteries on the heights and the gunboats in the riv
Hatton (search for this): chapter 1.10
time, as I did not think it judicious to inform the enemy of the numerical weakness of our forces. The following statements have been taken from those papers by Major Walter H. Taylor, of the staff of General Lee, who supervised for several years the preparation of the original returns. A statement of the strength of the troops under General Johnston shows that on May 21, 1862, he had present for duty as follows: Smith's dvision, consisting of the brigades of Whiting, Hood, Hampton, Hatton, and Pettigrew10,592 Longstreet's division, consisting of the brigades of A. P. Hill, Pickett, R. H. Anderson, Wilson, Colston, and Pryor13,816 Magruder's division, consisting of the brigades of McLaws, Kershaw, Griffith, Cobb, Toombs, and D. R. Jones15,680 D. H. Hill's division, consisting of the brigades of Early, Rodes, Raines, Featherston, and the commands of Colonels Ward and Crump11,151 Cavalry brigade1,289 Reserve artillery1,160 —— Total effective men53,688 statement of the
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