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mpletely expressed, the central idea of the American republic. More fully than any other body which ever assembled did it represent the victories won from arbitrary power for human rights. In the New World it was the conservator of liberties secured through centuries of struggle in the Old. Among the delegates were the descendants of the men who had stood in that brilliant array upon the field of Runnymede, which wrested from King John Magna Charta, that great charter of liberty, to which Hallam, in the nineteenth century, bears witness that all which had been since obtained is little more than as confirmation or commentary. There were the grandchildren of the statesmen who had summoned Charles before Parliament and compelled his assent to the Petition of Rights, which transferred power from the crown to the commons, and gave representative government to the Englishspeaking race. And there were those who had sprung from the iron soldiers who had fought and charged with Cromwell at
d years has demonstrated for us the perfection of the work, for defence against foreign foes and for self-preservation against domestic insurrections, for limitless expansion in population and material development, and for steady growth in intellectual freedom and force. Its continuing influence upon the welfare and destiny of the human race can only be measured by the capacity of man to cultivate and enjoy the boundless opportunities of liberty and law. The eloquent characterization of Mr. Gladstone condenses its merits: The American Constitution is the most wonderful work ever struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of man. The statesmen who composed this great senate were equal to their trust. Their conclusions were the result of calm debate and wise concession. Their character and abilities were so pure and great as to command the confidence of the country for the reversal of the policy of the independence of the State of the power of the general government, wh
owards the usurpation which lost the American colonies to the British Empire. Within these walls the Congress of the Confederation had commissioned its ambassadors abroad, and in ineffectual efforts at government had created the necessity for the concentration of federal authority, now to be consummated. The first Congress of the United States gathered in this ancient temple of liberty, greeted Washington, and accompanied him to the balcony. The famous men visible about him were Chancellor Livingston, Vice-President John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Governor Clinton, Roger Sherman, Richard Henry Lee, General Knox, and Baron Steuben. But we believe that among the invisible host above him, at this supreme moment of the culmination in permanent triumph of the thousands of years of struggle for self-government, were the spirits of the soldiers of the Revolution who had died that their country might enjoy this blessed day, and with them were the barons of Runnymede, and William the Sil
Confederation had commissioned its ambassadors abroad, and in ineffectual efforts at government had created the necessity for the concentration of federal authority, now to be consummated. The first Congress of the United States gathered in this ancient temple of liberty, greeted Washington, and accompanied him to the balcony. The famous men visible about him were Chancellor Livingston, Vice-President John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Governor Clinton, Roger Sherman, Richard Henry Lee, General Knox, and Baron Steuben. But we believe that among the invisible host above him, at this supreme moment of the culmination in permanent triumph of the thousands of years of struggle for self-government, were the spirits of the soldiers of the Revolution who had died that their country might enjoy this blessed day, and with them were the barons of Runnymede, and William the Silent, and Sidney, and Russell, and Cromwell, and Hampden, and the heroes and martyrs of liberty of every race and age.
es, and learned judges. He captured the people of the whole country for the Constitution by his papers in The Federalist, and conquered the hostile majority in the New York convention by the splendor of his oratory. But the multitudes whom no arguments could convince, who saw in the executive power and centralized force of the Constitution, under another name, the dreaded usurpation of king and ministry, were satisfied only with the assurance, Washington will be President. Good, cried John Lamb, the able leader of the Sons of Liberty, as he dropped his opposition, for to no other mortal would I trust authority so enormous. Washington will be President was the battle-cry of the Constitution. It quieted alarm and gave confidence to the timid and courage to the weak. The country responded with enthusiastic unanimity, but the chief with the greatest reluctance. In the supreme moment of victory, when the world expected him to follow the precedents of the past and perpetuate the po
and created revenue and resources, organized a national banking system for public needs and private business, and called out an army to put down by force of arms resistance to the federal laws imposing unpopular taxes. Upon the plan marked out by the Constitution, this great architect, with unfailing faith and unfaltering courage, builded the republic. He gave to the government the principles of action and sources of power which carried it successfully through the wars with Great Britain in 1812 and Mexico in 1848, which enabled Jackson to defeat nullification, and recruited and equipped millions of men for Lincoln, and justified and sustained his proclamation of emancipation. The French Revolution was the bloody reality of France and the nightmare of the civilized world. The tyranny of centuries culminated in frightful reprisals and reckless revenges. As parties rose to power and passed to the guillotine, the frenzy of the revolt against all authority reached every country and
and resources, organized a national banking system for public needs and private business, and called out an army to put down by force of arms resistance to the federal laws imposing unpopular taxes. Upon the plan marked out by the Constitution, this great architect, with unfailing faith and unfaltering courage, builded the republic. He gave to the government the principles of action and sources of power which carried it successfully through the wars with Great Britain in 1812 and Mexico in 1848, which enabled Jackson to defeat nullification, and recruited and equipped millions of men for Lincoln, and justified and sustained his proclamation of emancipation. The French Revolution was the bloody reality of France and the nightmare of the civilized world. The tyranny of centuries culminated in frightful reprisals and reckless revenges. As parties rose to power and passed to the guillotine, the frenzy of the revolt against all authority reached every country and captured the imagin
Depew, Chauncey Mitchell, 1834- Capitalist; born in Peekskill, N. Y., April 23, 1834; graduated at Yale University in 1856; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1858; member of New York Assembly in 1861-62; secretary of state of New York in 1863. He became attorney for the New York and Harlem River Railroad in 1866, and for the New York Chauncey Mitchell Depew. Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1869. He was second vice-president of the last mentioned road in 1885-98, and also president of the West Shore Railroad until 1898, when he became chairman of the board of directors of the New York Central and Hudson River, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Michigan Central, and the New York, Chicago, and St. Louis railroads. In 1885 he refused to be a candidate for the United States Senate, and also declined the office of United States Secretary of State, offered by President Benjamin Harrison. In 1888 he was a prominent candidate for the Presidential nomination in t
Depew, Chauncey Mitchell, 1834- Capitalist; born in Peekskill, N. Y., April 23, 1834; graduated at Yale University in 1856; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1858; member of New York Assembly in 1861-62; secretary of state of New York in 1863. He became attorney for the New York and Harlem River Railroad in 1866, and for the New York Chauncey Mitchell Depew. Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1869. He was second vice-president of the last mentioned road in 1885-98, and also president of the West Shore Railroad until 1898, when he became chairman of the board of directors of the New York Central and Hudson River, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Michigan Central, and the New York, Chicago, and St. Louis railroads. In 1885 he refused to be a candidate for the United States Senate, and also declined the office of United States Secretary of State, offered by President Benjamin Harrison. In 1888 he was a prominent candidate for the Presidential nomination in t
98, when he became chairman of the board of directors of the New York Central and Hudson River, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Michigan Central, and the New York, Chicago, and St. Louis railroads. In 1885 he refused to be a candidate for the United States Senate, and also declined the office of United States Secretary of State, offered by President Benjamin Harrison. In 1888 he was a prominent candidate for the Presidential nomination in the National Republican Convention, and in 1899 was elected United States Senator from New York. He is widely known as an orator and after-dinner speaker. Washington Centennial Oration.—On April 30, 1889, Senator Depew delivered the following oration at the centennial of Washington's inauguration as first President of the United States, in New York City: We celebrate to-day the centenary of our nationality. One hundred years ago the United States began their existence. The powers of government were assumed by the people of the
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