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December (search for this): entry france-early-relations-with
he appointment, and Arthur Lee was substituted. They were directed to live in a style to support the dignity of their public character, and provision was made for their maintenance. Franklin arrived at Paris, and was joined by Deane and Lee in December. The commissioners were courteously received by Vergennes, privately, but without any recognition of their diplomatic character. France was secretly strengthening her navy, and preparing for the inevitable war which her aid to the revolted col. The drums were ordered to be beaten; the soldiers levelled their muskets, when all but about fifty of the Council escaped by the windows. These, with the Ancients, passed a decree making Sieyes, Bonaparte, and Ducros provisional consuls. In December, Bonaparte was made first consul, or supreme ruler, for life. New American envoys had just reached Paris at this crisis, and very soon Bonaparte concluded an amicable settlement of all difficulties between the two nations. Peace was establishe
1754 AD (search for this): entry france-early-relations-with
France, early relations with. The serious quarrel between the English and French colonists in America, which was begun in 1754 and continued by collisions of armed men, was taken up by the home governments in 1755. The French had offered to treat for reconciliation, but the terms were not acceptable to the English; and when the offer was refused, the French fitted out privateers and threatened to invade England with a fleet and army collected at Brest. To confront this menace, a body of German troops were introduced into England; and, to induce the colonies to make fresh efforts against the French in America, the Parliament voted a reimbursement of $775,000 to those involved on account of Dieskau's invasion. Provision was also made for enlisting a royal American regiment, composed of four battalions of 1,000 men each. All hopes of reconciliation being past, England formally declared war against France (May, 18, 1756), to which the latter shortly after responded. On Aug. 15
1755 AD (search for this): entry france-early-relations-with
France, early relations with. The serious quarrel between the English and French colonists in America, which was begun in 1754 and continued by collisions of armed men, was taken up by the home governments in 1755. The French had offered to treat for reconciliation, but the terms were not acceptable to the English; and when the offer was refused, the French fitted out privateers and threatened to invade England with a fleet and army collected at Brest. To confront this menace, a body of German troops were introduced into England; and, to induce the colonies to make fresh efforts against the French in America, the Parliament voted a reimbursement of $775,000 to those involved on account of Dieskau's invasion. Provision was also made for enlisting a royal American regiment, composed of four battalions of 1,000 men each. All hopes of reconciliation being past, England formally declared war against France (May, 18, 1756), to which the latter shortly after responded. On Aug. 15
1756 AD (search for this): entry france-early-relations-with
were chosen to join Murray. The latter did not proceed to Europe until assurances were received from France of their courteous reception. These were received from Talleyrand (November, 1799), and the two envoys sailed for France. The some month the Directory, which had become unpopular, was overthrown, and the government of France remodelled, with Napoleon Bonaparte as first consul, or supreme ruler, of the nation. The envoys were cordially received by Talleyrand, in the name of the first consul, and all difficulties between the two nations were speedily adjusted. A convention was signed at Paris (Sept. 30, 1800) by the three envoys and three French commissioners which was satisfactory to both parties. The convention also made a decision contrary to the doctrine avowed and practised by the English government, that free ships make free goods. This affirmed the doctrine of Frederick the Great, enunciated fifty years before, and denied that of England in her famous rule of 1756.
May 18th, 1756 AD (search for this): entry france-early-relations-with
t and army collected at Brest. To confront this menace, a body of German troops were introduced into England; and, to induce the colonies to make fresh efforts against the French in America, the Parliament voted a reimbursement of $775,000 to those involved on account of Dieskau's invasion. Provision was also made for enlisting a royal American regiment, composed of four battalions of 1,000 men each. All hopes of reconciliation being past, England formally declared war against France (May, 18, 1756), to which the latter shortly after responded. On Aug. 15, 1761, Choiseul, the able French minister, brought about, by treaty, a firm alliance between France and Spain, a family compact that eventually proved beneficial to the English-American colonies. It was designed to unite all the branches of the House of Bourbon as a counterpoise to the maritime ascendency of England. It was agreed that at the conclusion of the then existing war France and Spain, in the whole extent of their
August 15th, 1761 AD (search for this): entry france-early-relations-with
German troops were introduced into England; and, to induce the colonies to make fresh efforts against the French in America, the Parliament voted a reimbursement of $775,000 to those involved on account of Dieskau's invasion. Provision was also made for enlisting a royal American regiment, composed of four battalions of 1,000 men each. All hopes of reconciliation being past, England formally declared war against France (May, 18, 1756), to which the latter shortly after responded. On Aug. 15, 1761, Choiseul, the able French minister, brought about, by treaty, a firm alliance between France and Spain, a family compact that eventually proved beneficial to the English-American colonies. It was designed to unite all the branches of the House of Bourbon as a counterpoise to the maritime ascendency of England. It was agreed that at the conclusion of the then existing war France and Spain, in the whole extent of their dominions, were to stand as one state towards foreign powers. This
October 5th, 1761 AD (search for this): entry france-early-relations-with
f Spain. A special convention was concluded the same day between France and Spain, by which the latter agreed to declare war against England unless peace between France and England should be concluded before May, 1762. Choiseul covenanted with Spain that Portugal should be compelled, and Savoy, Holland, and Denmark should be invited, to join in a federative union for the common advantage of all maritime powers. Pitt proposed to declare war against Spain, but was outvoted, and resigned (Oct. 5, 1761). The French government was pleased when the breach between Great Britain and her colonies began, and sought to widen it. England had stripped France of her possessions in America, and France sought to dismember the British Empire, and cause it a greater loss, by the achievement of the independence of the colonies. Arthur Lee, of Virginia, being in London soon after the breaking out of hostilities, made such representations to the French ambassador there that the Count de Vergennes, t
May, 1762 AD (search for this): entry france-early-relations-with
time ascendency of England. It was agreed that at the conclusion of the then existing war France and Spain, in the whole extent of their dominions, were to stand as one state towards foreign powers. This treaty secured to the American colonies, in advance, the aid of Charles III. of Spain. A special convention was concluded the same day between France and Spain, by which the latter agreed to declare war against England unless peace between France and England should be concluded before May, 1762. Choiseul covenanted with Spain that Portugal should be compelled, and Savoy, Holland, and Denmark should be invited, to join in a federative union for the common advantage of all maritime powers. Pitt proposed to declare war against Spain, but was outvoted, and resigned (Oct. 5, 1761). The French government was pleased when the breach between Great Britain and her colonies began, and sought to widen it. England had stripped France of her possessions in America, and France sought to d
May, 1776 AD (search for this): entry france-early-relations-with
triguer and courtier, to concert measures with Lee for sending to the Americans arms and military stores to the amount of $200,000. An open breach with the English was not then desirable, and the French minister, to cover up the transaction, gave it a mercantile feature, by having Beaumarchais transmit the supplies under the fictitious firm-name of Rodrique Hortales & Co. Before the matter was completed, Silas Deane (q. v.), sent by the committee of secret correspondence, arrived in Paris (May, 1776), in the disguise of a private merchant. He was received kindly by Vergennes, and introduced to Beaumarchais. It was agreed that Hortales & Co. should send the supplies by way of the West Indies, and that Congress should pay for them in tobacco and other American products. When the arrangement was completed, Beaumarchais despatched vessels from time to time, with valuable cargoes, including 200 cannon and mortars, and a supply of small arms from the French arsenals; also, 4,000 tents,
September 28th, 1776 AD (search for this): entry france-early-relations-with
government, and was closely watched by British agents; and the French Court would trust none of its secrets to the Congress, for its most private deliberations (the sessions were always private) leaked out, and became known to the British ministry. The business was done by the secret committee. Soon after the Declaration of Independence, a plan of treaties with foreign nations had been reported by a committee and accepted by Congress, and Franklin, Deane, and Jefferson were appointed (Sept. 28, 1776) commissioners to the Court of France. Jefferson declined the appointment, and Arthur Lee was substituted. They were directed to live in a style to support the dignity of their public character, and provision was made for their maintenance. Franklin arrived at Paris, and was joined by Deane and Lee in December. The commissioners were courteously received by Vergennes, privately, but without any recognition of their diplomatic character. France was secretly strengthening her navy, an
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