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Roxbury, Mass. (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 22
as maintained a pre-eminence in the quality of her watches, which are, however, expensive. Those of Switzerland do not rank so high, but are cheaper, and are turned out in great quantity, so as to have nearly monopolized the markets of the world. Both classes of these are made entirely by hand, and it was not until 1850 that the plan of employing machinery for the purpose was suggested. This originated with Mr. A. L. Dennison and Edward Howard of Boston, who erected a watch-factory at Roxbury, Mass.; but the site being found unsuitable, on account of the dust, the establishment was in 1854 removed to Waltham, where it still remains, its products constituting the Waltham watches of the American watch Company, now so generally and favorably known. The factory is located at Waltham, is on the banks of the Charles River, and is a chain of buildings, roofing nearly two acres, and inclosing a flower-garden. The company's product amounts to about $1,500.000 per year. It turns out comm
Newcastle (Canada) (search for this): chapter 22
e hollow auger cuts away only from 1/2 to 3/4 of an inch. This piping is then properly strengthened by iron bands, and subjected to a bath of asphaltum or other cement to make it impervious to gas or water, and to prevent decay. In Brisbane's pipe, the boards are steamed and bent longitudinally in cylindrical form till the edges lap on each other, and are then riveted. Wood′en Rail′way. The old form of tramway laid down in the English colliery region about two centuries since; at Newcastle, in 1676; Whitehaven, 1738. Subsequently the wooden rail received an iron plate, as with our own early strap-rail system; eventually the iron rail was substituted. See rail. As a cheap expedient the wooden rail is being revived in remote situations where wood is very abundant, money scarce, and iron difficult to procure. A wooden railway on the 4 feet 8 1/2 inch gage has been constructed from the town of Sorel, at the confluence of the Richelieu River with the St. Lawrence, throug
Titusville (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 22
and operative parts, and the various tools, such as drills, reamers, sucker-rods, grabs, and adjusters; its casing-pipes, pump-rods, valves, casing-heads, swivels, couplings, and wrenches. Plate LXXIV., opposite, shows a Gibbs and Sterrett (Titusville and Corry, Pennsylvania) full rig, the names of the parts being attached to them for facility of reference. Well-buck′et El′e-vator. A common mode of elevating water is by reciprocating buckets, which are fastened to the ends of a chain p Well-tube. The driven-well, invented by Colonel Nelson W. Green, 76th Regiment New York Volunteers, at Cortland, N. Y., 1862. Used by the British army in Abyssinia. See tube-well. Colonel E. L. Drake of New York, subsequently of Titusville, Pa., drove his oiltubes to the rock, after which he bored. The practice of sinking fresh-water wells by this method has now become common in sections adapted to this mode. Fig. 7153 shows one in which the inner tube — which prevented the pas<
Brighton (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 22
ent over at top, and the two ends are connected by a block of wood which is hollowed out beneath so as to fit the rope, and pass over the suspension pulleys. The hourly delivery of stone at the station is ten tons, and the empty boxes are returned at the same rate as the full ones are delivered. Where the amount of freight to be accommodated is large, it is proposed to use a stout fixed rope to support the carriages and a lighter traveling rope to pull them. An elevated tramway at Brighton, England, on the Hodgson plan, is five miles long, and is capable of carrying each way one hundred and twenty tons per day of ten hours, two hundred and forty tons in all. When working to its full capacity both ways the loads on the opposite wires tend to counterpoise each other, and the expenditure of power is reduced to a minimum. Various other plans on the same general principle, but differing in detail, are in operation in various parts of the world. In some the rope supporting the carr
Brussels (Belgium) (search for this): chapter 22
the usual manner; upon the mouth-piece there are two loose rings, into which the checkstraps of the bridle are buckled. Wil′ton-car′pet. A carpet made like Brussels, excepting that the wire is flattened instead of being round, and has a groove along the upper surface, which acts as a director for the knife by which the loopslton-carpet is called Moquette by the French. By increasing the size of the wire, the carpet can be increased in thickness or quality. The quality of Wilton or Brussels is estimated by the number of wires to the inch. The usual number is 9 for Brussels, 10 for Wilton. After weaving, the nap is sheared. See Brussels-carpet. Brussels, 10 for Wilton. After weaving, the nap is sheared. See Brussels-carpet. Pile-fabric. Wimble. Wim′ble. The old-fashioned name of the gimlet, then of the brace. A brace, used by marbleworkers in drilling holes. Wince. A form of washing-machine used by calicoprinters and dyers. See wincing-machine. Win′cey. （Fabric.) Linsey-woolsey. Winch. Winch. The most simple form
Ellicotts Mills (Maryland, United States) (search for this): chapter 22
ays. The following are the dimensions of some of the best known timber bridges:— Widest Arch. Name.River.Place.Curve.Architect.Date. Span.Rise. Ft.Ft. In. ColopusSchuylkillPhiladelphia34020 0SegmentWernwag1813 PiscataquaPiscataquaNew Hampshire25027 4SegmentPalmer1794 BambergRegnitzGermany20817 4SegmentWiebeking1809 TrentonDelawarePennsylvania20032 0SegmentBurr1804 WrittenghenRhineSwitzerland19830 10SegmentGrubenmann1777 Pont LouisIserFreysingen15413 6SegmentWiebeking1809 Ellicott's MillsPatapscoMaryland15020 0LatticeUnknown1838 Erie RailwayPortageNew York (1,000 ft long)Trestle Foundry-barrow. Wood′en-frame Bar′row. One with an iron box, for foundry purposes. Wood-en-grav′ing. Wood-engraving, or the making of woodcuts, differs from plate-engraving in the fact that the design in the former is in cameo, while the latter is in intaglio. It is difficult to as sign a date to the invention, as the signets of royalty in ancient times were made upon the same
Cairo, Ill. (Illinois, United States) (search for this): chapter 22
ent Shechem —— has been visited by travelers in all ages and has been minutely described. It is 9 feet in diameter, and 105 feet deep, made entirely through rock. When visited by Maundrel it contained 15 feet of water. The well of Joseph, at Cairo, is the most remarkable work of its kind on record. A (Fig. 7147) is a section of this well. Its age and the name of its designer are unknown; by the common people it is generally ascribed to the patriarch Joseph; some formerly believed it to3,479 feet, and in 1871 it was stopped at a depth of not less than 4,052 feet Rhenish, or 4,170 feet English, from the surface, which is the greatest depth that has ever yet been reached. The strata of rock-salt is 3,768 Rhenish feet. Well of Cairo. 2. (Mining.) The lower part of a furnace, into which the water falls. 3. (Nautical.) a. A boarded inclosure for the pump-stocks. b. A portion of a vessel's hold open to the sea, for keeping live fish. 4. A deep cavity in a build
Lyons (France) (search for this): chapter 22
ork. （Mining.) When all the water is extracted. Wa′ter-ing. 1. (Flax.) The soaking of flax halm to loosen the shives from the hare and remove the mucilage. Steeping; Retting. 2. (Fabric.) A process of giving a wave-like appearance to fabrics, by passing them between metallic rollers variously engraved, which, bearing unequally upon the stuff, render the surface unequal, so as to reflect the light differently. Watering silk is said to have been invented by Octavius May, at Lyons, seventeenth century. See moire, etc. In 1780, the mode of ornamentation was by pressing between figured steel plates. Steel cylinders were introduced afterward. Moire silk for watering is made of double width, which is indispensable in obtaining the bold waterings, for these depend not only on the quality of the silk, but greatly on the way they are folded when subjected to the enormous pressure in watering. They should be folded in such a manner that the air which is contained bet
Trinidad (Trinidad and Tobago) (search for this): chapter 22
anking, wedges for railway chairs. Elm (red)Ulmus fulvaEastern U. S.Medium, red. Carpentry. Bark yields slippery elm. Elm (white)Ulmus americanaEastern U. S.Medium, white. Staves, hoops. Fir (red silver)Abies amabilisSierra Nevada(See also Spruce; Hemlock) Fir (Scotch)Pinus sylvestrisEuropeMedium hardness. The yellow deal used in Europe. Fir (silver)Abies grandisCalifornia. FusticMorus tinctoriaN and South AmericaDyeing, mosaic-work, and turning. GreenheartNectandra rodiaeiGuiana, TrinidadHard and very durable. Shipbuilding, wharves, bridges. Gum (sour or black)Nyssa multifloraEastern U. S.Hard, tough, white. Hubs. Gum (sweet or red)Liquidamber styracifluaEastern U. S.Inferior to the black. HawthornCrataegus oxyacanthaEurope, etcHard and white; takes a good polish. Turnery. HazelCorylus avellanaEuropeWhite; takes a good polish. Turnery, hoops, etc. Hemlock (spruce)Abies canadensisNorthern AmericaVarious. Hickory (Eastern shell-bark)Carya albaEast of AlleghaniesHard.
Venice (Italy) (search for this): chapter 22
purpose is of comparatively modern origin. They are said to have been made in Venice in the sixteenth century. The term is derived from the thin small pieces of brte-lead is the carbonate of lead, produced from the metal. See white-lead. Venice white is a mixture of equal parts of white-lead and sulphate of baryta. Hambledina ad ventum. Bartolomeo Verde had a grant of land to build windmills in Venice in 1332. They were in use at Spires in 1373, and at Frankfort in 1442. In troved in 1635, about which time pit coal was substituted for wood. In 1670, Venetian artists were introduced into England, and established the art in that country.eepskin, or by applying a paint of equal parts lampblack and Spanish brown, or Venetian red, mixed with linseed-oil. It is protected under ground by saturation wits, and fishing-rods. LarchLarix europaeaEuropeDurable, Various uses; source of Venice turpentine. Larch (Western)Larix occidentalisOregon(See also Tamarac.) Laurel
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