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Samaria (Israel) (search for this): chapter 4
Siddhanta, or Sanskrit text-book of astronomy, translated for the American Oriental Society, and published in their journal, Vol. VI. Equatorial sun-dial (Benares). About 771 years before the Christian Era, the Assyrian king Phul invaded Samaria. Thirty-one years afterward, Pekah of Samaria besieged the young King Ahaz in Jerusalem, and the latter sent to Tiglath-Pileser, the Assyrian, then in Damascus, for help against his enemy. This was given. When Ahaz went to Damascus to greet Samaria besieged the young King Ahaz in Jerusalem, and the latter sent to Tiglath-Pileser, the Assyrian, then in Damascus, for help against his enemy. This was given. When Ahaz went to Damascus to greet his benefactor, he saw a beautiful altar, and sent working drawings of it to Urijah, the priest in Jerusalem. An altar was completed against his return. In the same spirit of enterprise and taste, and probably from the same trip of observation, he set up the dial which is mentioned in the account of the miraculous cure of his son Hezekiah, thirteen years after Ahaz was gathered to his fathers. This is perhaps the first dial on record, and is 140 years before Thales, and nearly 400 years befo
Buenos Ayres (Arizona, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
ety-valve. The lard and other grease tanks used for workingup poor carcasses and the offal of slaughter-houses belong to this class of apparatus. Thousands of carcasses of cattle and sheep too poor for the market are thus worked up yearly in the United States, and the lard-tank is a regular feature in the hog-slaughtering centers, Chicago, Cincinnati, etc., where the entrails and other offal yielding grease are thus treated on a large scale. The tanks have also been introduced into Buenos Ayres and probably into Texas, where beeves are slaughtered for their hides and tallow. The carcasses, after removing a few choice parts, are dumped into the tanks, when steam is applied, resolving them into fat, water holding soluble matters in solution, and mud, the latter containing the earthy and some other particles. Of this class is Wilson's tank for rendering lard and tallow, patented in 1844. The tank is preferably a vertical cylinder, and is calculated for high-pressure steam. It
London (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 4
ew Pritchard in 1824. One was recently made in London at a cost of £ 250 sterling. Diamond mortartertainment given in 1357 by the Lord Mayor of London, the Kings of France and Scotland being prisons of the dioramic exhibition at Regent's Park, London, in 1823. He is justly famous in connection wby Robert Norman, a compass-maker of Ratcliff, London, who detected the dip and published the fact irived the dipping-needle, and found the dip at London to be 71° 50′. See also dip-circle. Captaiail of ships. — Ibid, 1662. Of the docks of London: — Pitt laid the foundation-stone of the West-India August 15, 1800; opened in 1802. London docks, built 1802 – 5. Victoria, 1855. The Livcrpon steam-engine invented by Maudslay and Field, London, and designed for vessels of low draft and s engineer's and architect's journal, Vol. X.: London, 1847. Drain′ing-ma-chine′. A form of fir direct use) in the International Exhibition, London, 1851, was the invention of Colonel Morin of F[1
Israel (Israel) (search for this): chapter 4
ll as the depot of an extensive trade between the Orientals on the east and the Phoenicians, the carriers of antiquity, on the west. Abraham's steward was a man of Damascus, and, in default of issue, would have been heir to his property. Through all the uproar of antiquity Damascus has maintained a prominent position, being geographically well situated and rich in the great necessity of a warm climate, water. Are not Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? said the haughty Syrian. Mohammed refused to enter the city, as it was decreed that a man could enter Paradise but once, and he did not wish to exhaust his chances by an entrance on a paradise upon earth. The steel, the roses, and the fabrics of Damascus survive in most modern languages. The rich work of the looms of Damascus opened the eyes of the rugged men of the West, who alternately won and lost the rocky mountain-road which led to Jerusalem, and the fabric has retained its n
Suez Canal (Egypt) (search for this): chapter 4
re shown on a still more enlarged scale. The best working-angle for the frame is 45°. The dredging-machine used in excavating the South Boston flats has a scow 80 feet long, 40 wide, and a dredge-shovel and chain of elevating-buckets on each side. They are advanced by chains running to anchored scows, the shovel beneath each elevator raising the mud and silt, and the buckets elevating the scooped — up mass, which is deposited in a scow attached to the dredger. Dredging-machines, Suez canal. Duncan's dredger, used on the Clyde in Scotland, has an iron hull 161 feet long, 29 feet beam, 10 feet 9 inches depth; has water-tight compartments, engine-room, and quarters for the crew. It has one bucket-chain, thirty-nine buckets having a capacity of 13 cubic feet each; driven by gearing from a marine engine of 75 nominal horse-power. It is moved forward by a steam-winch and a chain to a mooring. Sixty dredging-machines have been at work at one time in excavating the Suez Ca
Callao (Peru) (search for this): chapter 4
to sockets in the lintel and threshold respectively. The commonest form of door had the pintle in the middle of the width, so that, as it opened, a way was afforded on each side of it for ingress or egress. This is much better than the villianous system of making the doors of churches, theaters, and assembly-rooms open inward, forming traps to catch the people when a stampede occurs from a fire or an alarm. It is but recent in our recollection, the account of the burning of a cathedral at Callao or some other city on the South American coast, when the building, decked out with paper and calico, in all the frippery of a saint's gala-day, was burned, with 800 miserable people, — women and children chiefly, for such are the principal patrons of churches in that land of Mestizoes. It is not to be inferred that a simple valve swinging on a central axis was the only form of door, for in other structures we find the sockets near the posts, showing that the door turned upon an axis in th
Covent Garden (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 4
row pipes which produce a certain sweetness of tone. See stop. Dul′ci-mer. The dulcimer is supposed to be identical with the psaltery of the Hebrews. It is frequently mentioned in Scripture. The modern dulcimer consists of a box with a cover which forms a sounding-board, and has a number of wire strings stretched over a bridge at each end. It is played by elastic rods with pellets of cork at the ends. The number of strings is usually about fifty. Here [at the puppet play in Covent Garden], among the fiddlers, I first saw a dulcimere played on with sticks knocking of the strings, and is very pretty. — Pepys's Diary, May 24, 1662. The Javanese gambang has wooden and brass bars of different lengths placed crosswise over a wooden trough. They are struck by small sticks with a ball of pith at the end. — Bickmore's Travels in the Indian Archipelago. Du′ledge. The dowel-pins of the fellies of a gun-carriage wheel. Dum. （Mining.) A frame of wood like the jam
Maine (Maine, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
s, in which he descended to the Mary rose, which had sunk the previous year. The lifting-arrangements were completed by means of the diving-bell, and the loaded vessel transported to shoal water and recovered. In the year 1687, the sum of pound 300,000 was recovered by a diving-bell, at a depth of 7 fathoms, from a Spanish ship which had been wrecked near the Bermudas. The bell was the invention of William Phipps, an American of Pemaquid, in that part of the Colony now known as the State of Maine. Phipps was brought up as a ship-carpenter in Boston, and made many unsuccessful attempts to interest parties in the work. When he succeeded, James II. was urged to confiscate the pound 16,000 which came to the share of William Phipps; for once in his life the king refused to do a mean thing. Phipps was afterwards made high-sheriff of the Colony, was knighted, and subsequently was governor. The English patent of John Williams, 1692, is for an engine for carrying four men 15 fathom
Agra (Uttar Pradesh, India) (search for this): chapter 4
f Mahmoud's tomb as representatives of the success of Mohammedan domination, and carried them back to India proper, chanting a paean whose refrain was the insult of eight hundred years is avenged, and commanding that the doors should be transmitted with all honor to the Temple of Siva. The British government, goaded on the one hand by Exeter Hall, and on the other by its fear of the two unmingled races who occupy Hindostan, found itself with an elephant on its hands, and stopped the gates at Agra, where they remain. Doors. A, batten-door. B, panel-door. a, top-rail. b, middle or lock rail. c, bottom-rail. d, hanging style. e, lock style. f, munnion or muntin. g, panels. In a six-panel door the rail next to the top rail is called the frieze-rail. A panel wider than its hight is a lying-panel. If of equal hight and width, a square panel. If its hight be greater than its width, a standing panel. Double-door; two pairs of folding-doors, hung on the
India (India) (search for this): chapter 4
ormed by embankments of massive masonry that seem to defy the hand of time. They form part of a vast system of irrigation. Similar structures are found in Southern India and Arabia, and point to the occupation of those countries by the same race; a civilized people, older than the Arabs and Hindoos. In England the dams of r′tus. （Sugar-manufacture.) A mode of extracting the sugar from cane or beet-root by dissolving it out with water. It is adopted in some establishments in British India and in Austria. The sugar-yielding material is fed in at the hopper a and cut into slices in the cylinder b by knives driven by band-wheel r, and issues at thgs into the muddy waters of the river, which delivers yearly into the Bay of Bengal 534,600,000 tons of solid matter. Mahmoud, about 1024, after desolating Northern India for some years, came to Somnauth, and — omitting the details — plundered from the Temple of Siva the destroyer the rich offerings of centuries, carrying them
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