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Hispaniola (search for this): chapter 4
ting a diver with his cap, from which rises a long leather pipe provided with an opening above the surface of the water. Lorini on Fortification, 1607, shows a square box, bound with iron, furnished with windows and a seat for the diver. Kessler in 1617, Witsen in 1671, and Borelli in 1679, gave attention to the subject and contributed to the efficiency of the apparatus. A diving-bell company was formed in England in 1688, and the operators made some sucessful descents on the coast of Hispaniola. In 1664, cannon were recovered from wrecks of the Spanish Armada by the Laird of Melgim, near the Isle of Man, but not sufficient to pay. Previous unsuccessful attempts had been made by Colquhoun, of Glasgow, who depended for air upon a leathern tube reaching above the surface of the water. Dr. Halley, in 1715, improved the diving-bell by a contrivance for supplying it with fresh air by means of barrels lowered from the vessel, from which the bell was suspended, the foul air escaping by
Chatham (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
in optics, owing to its high refractive and small dispersive power. Sp. gr. 3.521. Among the celebrated diamonds may be noted the following:— Great Mogul. Found in 1550, in Golconda, and seen by Tavernier. Weighed 793 carats; cut to 279 carats (carat, 4 grains). Russian. Taken from a Brahminical idol by a French soldier; sold to the Empress Catherine for £ 90,000 and an annuity of £ 4,000. Weighs 194 carats. Pitt. Brought from India by Mr. Pitt, the grandfather of the first Earl of Chatham; sold to the Regent Duke of Orleans, in 1717, for £ 135,000. Weighed when rough, 400 carats; cut to 136 1/2 carats. Napoleon placed it in the hilt of his sword. Koh-i-noor. Seen by Tavernier in 1665, in the possession of the Great Mogul. Seized by Nadir Shah, in 1739, at the taking of Delhi. Became the property of Runjeet Sing. Captured by the English at the taking of the Punjab. Presented to the Queen by the East India Company, in 1850; weighed in the rough 800 carats, cut to 186 1
Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
n Golconda, and seen by Tavernier. Weighed 793 carats; cut to 279 carats (carat, 4 grains). Russian. Taken from a Brahminical idol by a French soldier; sold to the Empress Catherine for £ 90,000 and an annuity of £ 4,000. Weighs 194 carats. Pitt. Brought from India by Mr. Pitt, the grandfather of the first Earl of Chatham; sold to the Regent Duke of Orleans, in 1717, for £ 135,000. Weighed when rough, 400 carats; cut to 136 1/2 carats. Napoleon placed it in the hilt of his sword. Koh-k for the herring busses to lie up in. — Pepys, 1661. Sir N. Crisp's project of making a great sasse [sluice or lock] in the king's lands about Deptford, to be a wett dock to hold 200 sail of ships. — Ibid, 1662. Of the docks of London: — Pitt laid the foundation-stone of the West-India August 15, 1800; opened in 1802. London docks, built 1802 – 5. Victoria, 1855. The Livcrpool and Birkenhead docks, 1810 – 57. 2. (Harness.) The divided piece forming part of the crupper, thro
Leith Hill (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 4
ime not larger than a boy's marble, at Londonderry, was visible at Belfast, a distance of nearly seventy miles, in a direct line. Subsequently, Colonel Colby made a lime-light signal visible from Antrim, in Ireland, to Ben Lomnd, in Scotland, a distance of ninetyfive miles in a straight line. It is stated that, intensified by a parabolic reflector, it has been observed at a distance of 112 miles. It is understood that the first application in practice was when it was required to see Leith Hill, in Surry, from Berkhampstead Tower, in Hertfordshire. The practical application was described in two papers published in the Philosophical Transactions of 1826 and 1831. The apparatus consists of a lamp which admits oxygen and hydrogen gas at the respective apertures o h. The gases come from separate holders, and do not mix till they reach the chamber c. Here they pass through several thicknesses of wire-gauze, which prevent explosion by the reflex action of the flame, and then issu
Toledo (Spain) (search for this): chapter 4
nto the sea to prevent capture by young Ammon. Aristotle (350 B. C.) speaks of a kind of kettle by which divers could supply themselves with fresh air under water. It is related by Jerome that Alexander the Great entered into a vessel, called a colympha, having a glass window to it, and in which he descended to the bottom of the ocean. The application of the diving-bell in Europe is noticed by John Tasnier, who attended Charles V. in a voyage to Africa. He relates that he saw at Toledo, in Spain, in the year 1538, in the presence of the emperor and several thousand spectators, two Greeks let themselves down under water in a large, inverted kettle, with a light burning, and rise up again without being wet. After this period, the use of the diving-bell became generally known, and is noticed in the Novum Organum of Sir Francis Baron, published 1620; in which the device is referred to as being in use in his time. It is described as a machine used to assist persons laboring unde
Brooklyn (New York, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
med per hour (4), the duty was 77,358,478. As reduced to the actual delivery of water, in the reservoir, it was 76,386,262 and 76,584,894 by the two methods respectively. The following is the duty officially given for the engines cited: — Brooklyn, No. 1, double-acting beam60,140,700 Belleville (Jersey City), Cornish62,823,300 Hartford (3 experiments), crank58,779,300 to 64,669,400 Brooklyn, No. 3, double-acting beam72,000,000 Cambridge (2 experiments), Worthington double-cylinder, noBrooklyn, No. 3, double-acting beam72,000,000 Cambridge (2 experiments), Worthington double-cylinder, not duplex66,941,100 to 67,574,600 Spring Garden (Philadelphia), Cornish58,905,300 The dity or useful effect of the Cornish pumpingengine has been more closely observed and recorded than that of any other engine. The duty is reported monthly, and is reduced to tabulated form, from which the yearly report is made out. The duty of these engines has been gradually improved. It is estimated by the number of pounds raised one foot high by a bushel of Welsh coals, 94 pounds. Pounds, 1 foot
Delhi, N. Y. (New York, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
Benares. This observatory was built by Jey Sing, Rajah of Jayanagar, upwards of 200 years ago. His skill in mathematical science was so great that the Emperor Mohammed Shah employed him to reform the calendar. He also built the observatories of Delhi, Matra on the Jumna, and Oujein. The Narcc-inla, or equatorial sun-dial, has a face 26 inches in diameter; the Scmrat-yunta, or equinoctial sun-dial, has a gnomon 30 feet long, and each quadrant is 9 feet long. These instruments, which are show, for £ 135,000. Weighed when rough, 400 carats; cut to 136 1/2 carats. Napoleon placed it in the hilt of his sword. Koh-i-noor. Seen by Tavernier in 1665, in the possession of the Great Mogul. Seized by Nadir Shah, in 1739, at the taking of Delhi. Became the property of Runjeet Sing. Captured by the English at the taking of the Punjab. Presented to the Queen by the East India Company, in 1850; weighed in the rough 800 carats, cut to 186 1/16 carats; recut to 103 3/4 carats. — Brande.
Capitol Hill (United States) (search for this): chapter 4
slides freely and carries the scale to be graduated, the swing-frame for the diamondpoint being attached to some fixed part of the framing of the machine. Donkin followed up the matter in 1823 in devising correctional methods for Maudslay's devices, to which we cannot devote room. See Holtzapffel, pp. 651 – 655. In 1843, Mr. Sims applied self-acting apparatus to Troughton's circular dividing-engine, and an instrument of their manufacture may be seen at the Coast Survey building, Capitol Hill, Washington. It has been somewhat modified by Mr. Wurdemann, of Washington, and is now driven by a small turbine in the stand. See graduating-machine. Di-vid′ing-sink′er. （Knitting-machine.) One of the pieces interposed between jack-sinkers, which, being advanced while the latter are retracted, force the varn between the needles of each pair, so that by the joint action of the jack-sinkers and the dividing-sinkers the yarn is looped on each of the needles. Div′ing-bell.
Bay of Bengal (search for this): chapter 4
diadems Lie scattered in his ruinous path; His bloodhounds he adorns with gems Torr from the violated necks Of many a young and loved sultana; Maidens within their pure zenana, Priests in the very fane he slaughters, And chokes up with the glittering wrecks Of golden shrines the sacred waters of the Ganges, of course. It must not be understood, however, that he failed to strip off the gold before he pitched these things into the muddy waters of the river, which delivers yearly into the Bay of Bengal 534,600,000 tons of solid matter. Mahmoud, about 1024, after desolating Northern India for some years, came to Somnauth, and — omitting the details — plundered from the Temple of Siva the destroyer the rich offerings of centuries, carrying them and the doors of the temple to Afghanistan, where the latter were made the doors of his tomb. Here they rested till 1842, when the English, stung to madness by the massacre of 26,000 soldiers and camp followers in the Kyber pass, in the mont
Milan, Sullivan County, Missouri (Missouri, United States) (search for this): chapter 4
l in plan, 139 feet in diameter, and 310 feet in hight. The dome of St. Peter's, at Rome, was built at the close of the sixteenth century, from designs left by Michael Angelo. It is 139 feet in diameter, 330 feet high. The dome of St. Paul's, at London, by Sir Christopher Wren, is not masonry, but a shell inclosing the brick cone which supports the lantern. It is 112 feet in diameter, 215 feet high. Internal Diameter.Internal Hight. Mosque of Achmet, Constantinople92120 Duomo at Milan57254 Hall aux Bles, Paris, by Moulineau200150 St. Isaac's, Petersburg96150 Baths of Caracalla112116 The dome of the Capitol, Washington, is 287 feet 11 inches above the base-line of the east front. The greatest diameter of the dome at the springing is 135 feet 5 inches. The weight of iron in the dome and tholus is 8,009,200 pounds. The rotunda is 95.5 feet in diameter, and its hight from the floor to the top of the canopy is 180.25 feet. The central rotund of the Vienna Expositio
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