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England (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 5
, warehouses, and factories. Dr. Arnott of England, who became partially deaf from a cold contrawn as Cracknell's, and was somewhat famous in England forty years since. It had a pliable diaphragthe streets of Alexandria. The sedanchair of England and the palanquin of Constantinople were carrnd waxen cerecloth were used for centuries in England. The body of one of the Edwards, interred 13agile. The body of Lord Nelson was sent to England in a puncheon of rum. The sailors ran foul ofy. See filling. The oldest embankment in England is Roman, that of Romney Marsh. In the time and through. Em′e-rald. A type, used in England, between nonpareil and minion. Nonpareil. el in portraits. He worked for Charles I. of England, and subsequently for Louis XIV. of France. ce, 1662. Engraving in steel introduced into England by Perkins of Philadelphia, 1819. The earl and apparent solar time. Originally made in England, but improved in France. Equa-tori-al. [8 more...]
Cherbourg (France) (search for this): chapter 5
points assumes the form of an are of dazzling brilliancy. With 600 Bunsen's cells arranged consecutively, an are 7.8 inches in length was obtained; and when the 600 cells were arranged in six parallel series, a still more powerful light was produced. According to Fizeau and Foucault, the intensity of the electric light with a battery of 46 pairs of Bunsen burners was 235, that of the sun being taken at 1,000, while with 80 pairs it was but 238. During the excavation of the docks at Cherbourg two apparatus of this kind were employed, maintained by a single battery of 50 pairs of Bunsen, affording sufficient light for 800 workmen. The magneto-electric light was applied for illuminating the lighthouse at Dungeness, England, in 1862, and was introduced at La Heve, France, a year or two later. The machines employed at each are very similar in construction and entirely so in principle, the English apparatus being arranged after the following manner: — Eighty-eight bobbins or
Munich (Bavaria, Germany) (search for this): chapter 5
overies previously made by others, for many important discoveries of his own, and for the courage and perseverance which he manifested, in endeavoring to render his system of practical utility to mankind by bringing it prominently to the notice of the public; and he lived to see it adopted in its essential features throughout the civilized world. In the mean while Gauss and Weber, and after them Steinheil, in Germany, were at work, and constructed a short line between the Royal Academy at Munich and the observatory; this, by means of right and left hand deflection-needles, was caused to print dots on a continuous slip of paper, moved by clock-work. While making experiments in connection with this work, Steinheil made the important discovery that the earth might be used as a part of the circuit, thus enabling him to dispense with one half the length of wire which was thought requisite. The attention of Wheatstone, in England, appears to have been drawn to the subject of telegra
Dubris (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 5
resistance is inserted in 2 and its resistance calculated from the deflections of the needle in the galvanometer, caused by the current thrown through the bridge. See Duplextelegraph. Electric cable. E-lec′tric Ca′ble. Various forms of telegraph cable for submarine uses have been proposed. That between England and Ireland is composed of a single copper wire covered with gutta-percha, surrounded by hempen yarn, and the whole protected by ten No. 8 iron wires twisted. That between Dover and Calais has four copper wires covered with gutta-percha twisted into a rope, and protected in similar manner. It weighs seven, and the Irish two, tons to the mile. The first Atlantic cable was composed of seven No. 22 copper wires, covered with gutta-percha, hempen yarn, and an outside coating of iron wire. This weighed 19 cwt. to the mile. The cut shows a cable with coils diversely twisted. See telegraph cable. E-lec′tric clock. A dial with hands and goingtrain impelled by re<
Australia (Australia) (search for this): chapter 5
hed from the second floors of houses. It is driven by dummy-engine, compressed air, or by rope. Another form is proposed to span the street and form an arcade. (Fig. 1858.) Cheseborough's elevated railway consists of a series of inclined planes down which a car runs by its own gravity, elevating platforms being interposed to raise the car from the foot of one incline to the head of the next. The platforms are elevated by a perpendicular lift operated by compressed air. In India, Australia, and some other places, it has not been unusual to cross gullies and rivers by means of a bucket or basket suspended from a cord. The patents of Palmer, Fisher, and Dick, already cited, are an amplification of this idea, a carriage being arranged to travel on a rail. The idea has recently been reduced to practice in a compact and useful form. See wire-way. El′e-vating—block. A tackle-block used in elevating hay or bales, where, after the object has been raised to a given hight,
Halifax (Canada) (search for this): chapter 5
Eido-scope. An instrument on the principle of the kaleidoscope, which produces an infinite variety of geometrical figures by the independent revolution of two perforated metallic disks on their axes. It may be employed in conjunction with the magic-lantern, when rapidly rotated causing flashing rays of light, forming singular combinations to appear upon the screen. Variously colored glass disks may be used, producing striking variations and combinations of color. — Mechanical Magazine, N. S., Vol. XVII. p. 35. Eight-een′--mo. A book whose sheets are folded to form eighteen leaves. Sometimes written octodecimo; and usually indicated 18mo, or 18°. Eight-line Pica. （Printing.) A type whose face has eight times the depth of pica. French, doublecanon. Pease's oil-well ejector. Ejector. Ejector. E-ject′or. 1. A device wherein a body of elastic fluid, such as steam or air, under pressure and in motion is made the means of driving a liquid such as water o
Boston Harbor (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 5
marking point, the outer end of which is struck by a blunt projection on the outer pendulum a, when the two pass each other, impressing a mark on a sheet of paper clamped to the are. See chronograph. E-lec′tro-blast′ing. Blasting by means of an electric or electro-magnetic battery, communicating through connecting wires with the charges of powder. It was first tried in blowing up the sunken hull of the Royal George, in 1839, by Colonel Pasley. In 1840 the plan was used in Boston Harbor by Captain Paris. In 1843, by Cubitt, for overthrowing a large section of Round-down Cliff, Kent, England, in making a portion of the Southeastern Railway. The mass dislodged weighed 400,000 tons. See blasting. E-lec′tro-chem′i-cal Tel′e-graph. A telegraph which records signals upon paper imbued with a chemical solution, which is discharged or caused to change color by electric action. Nicholson and Carlisle discovered, in 1800, that water was decomposed by the voltaic
Montana (Montana, United States) (search for this): chapter 5
ing burned. The quantity of rain which falls in that region is remarkable. See rain-gage. Embalming was practiced by the Guanches, or aboriginal inhabitants of the Canary Islands, and by the ancient Peruvians. Mummies from the latter source are now to be seen in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Some bodies have been preserved for ages by burial in caverns, the earthen floors of which contained a notable quantity of saltpeter. The steepes of Tartary, some of the uplands of Montana and Colorado, and the dry uplands of the Andes, are nitrous. Many caves are so also, the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, for instance. In very recent times, with the increase of chemical knowledge, considerable attention has been devoted to the subject, and various processes and compounds have been devised. Dr. Chausier employed a solution of corrosive sublimate, with which the corpse, previously disembowelled and cleansed, is saturated; this imparts firmness to the flesh and renders it im
Grove River (Georgia, United States) (search for this): chapter 5
0 Carcel burners, or more than six times that of an oil light of a similar class. Its fog-penetrating power is said to be very superior to that of the latter. Browning's electric light. In Browning's electric light, worked by a battery of six Grove cells, the principle adopted is to let the carbon points touch each other, and to clamp them in that position, so that the current has to burn an interval between the two points for itself. In the accompanying cut, D is a brass rod carrying the l repulse each other. A rod of glass or of sealing-wax rubbed and applied to the knob will determine whether the previous excitation was positive or negative. The dry-pile electroscope consisted of a gold-leaf suspended between two balls, and Grove improved on this by insulating the gold-leaf between two surfaces and charging it at the same time by an electrified rod. See electrometer. E-lec′tro-tint. A mode of engraving in which the design is drawn on a copper plate with an acidresi
Kentucky (Kentucky, United States) (search for this): chapter 5
ticed by the Guanches, or aboriginal inhabitants of the Canary Islands, and by the ancient Peruvians. Mummies from the latter source are now to be seen in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Some bodies have been preserved for ages by burial in caverns, the earthen floors of which contained a notable quantity of saltpeter. The steepes of Tartary, some of the uplands of Montana and Colorado, and the dry uplands of the Andes, are nitrous. Many caves are so also, the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, for instance. In very recent times, with the increase of chemical knowledge, considerable attention has been devoted to the subject, and various processes and compounds have been devised. Dr. Chausier employed a solution of corrosive sublimate, with which the corpse, previously disembowelled and cleansed, is saturated; this imparts firmness to the flesh and renders it imputrescent. Gaural practiced injecting the veins with sulphate of alumina. Dr. Ure proposes chloride of mercu
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