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1509 AD (search for this): chapter 5
her came Margaret Boufflet and a host of others; and finally, in England, Mary Wollstonecraft, whose famous book, formidable in its day, would seem rather conservative now; and in America, that pious and worthy dame, Mrs. H. Mather Crocker, Cotton Mather's grandchild, who, in 1848, published the first book on the Rights of woman ever written on this side the Atlantic. Meanwhile there have never been wanting men, and strong men, to echo these appeals. From Cornelius Agrippa and his essay (1509) on the excellence of woman and her pre-eminence over man, down to the first youthful thesis of Agassiz, Mens Feminae Viri Animo superior, there has been a succession of voices crying in the wilderness. In England, Anthony Gibson wrote a book, in 1599, called A Woman's Woorth, defended against all the Men in the World, proving them to be more Perfect, Excellent, and Absolute in all Vertuous Actions than any Man of what Qualitie soever, Interlarded with Poetry. Per contra, the learned Acidal
1592 AD (search for this): chapter 5
ver,--its education, life, health, diseases, charms, dress, deeds, sphere, rights, wrongs, work, wages, encroachments, and idiosyncrasies generally,--there can be no doubt whatever; and the poorest of these books recognizes a condition of public sentiment of which no other age ever dreamed. Still, literary history preserves the names of some reformers before the Reformation, in this matter. There was Signora Moderata Fonte, the Venetian, who left a book to be published after her death, in 1592, Dei Meriti delle Donne. There was her townswoman, Lucrezia Marinella, who followed, ten years after, with her essay, La Nobilita e La Eccelenza delle Donne, con Difetti e Mancamenti degli Uomini,--a comprehensive theme, truly! Then followed the all-accomplished Anna Maria Schurman, in 1645, with her Dissertatio de Ingenii Muliebris ad Doctrinam et meliores Literas Aptitudine, with a few miscellaneous letters appended in Greek and Hebrew. At last came boldly Jacquette Guillaume, in 1665, an
1599 AD (search for this): chapter 5
er's grandchild, who, in 1848, published the first book on the Rights of woman ever written on this side the Atlantic. Meanwhile there have never been wanting men, and strong men, to echo these appeals. From Cornelius Agrippa and his essay (1509) on the excellence of woman and her pre-eminence over man, down to the first youthful thesis of Agassiz, Mens Feminae Viri Animo superior, there has been a succession of voices crying in the wilderness. In England, Anthony Gibson wrote a book, in 1599, called A Woman's Woorth, defended against all the Men in the World, proving them to be more Perfect, Excellent, and Absolute in all Vertuous Actions than any Man of what Qualitie soever, Interlarded with Poetry. Per contra, the learned Acidalius published a book in Latin, and afterwards in French, to prove that women are not reasonable creatures. Modern theologians are at worst merely sub-acid, and do not always say so, if they think so. Meanwhile most persons have been content to leave th
1645 AD (search for this): chapter 5
Still, literary history preserves the names of some reformers before the Reformation, in this matter. There was Signora Moderata Fonte, the Venetian, who left a book to be published after her death, in 1592, Dei Meriti delle Donne. There was her townswoman, Lucrezia Marinella, who followed, ten years after, with her essay, La Nobilita e La Eccelenza delle Donne, con Difetti e Mancamenti degli Uomini,--a comprehensive theme, truly! Then followed the all-accomplished Anna Maria Schurman, in 1645, with her Dissertatio de Ingenii Muliebris ad Doctrinam et meliores Literas Aptitudine, with a few miscellaneous letters appended in Greek and Hebrew. At last came boldly Jacquette Guillaume, in 1665, and threw down the gauntlet in her title-page, Les Dames Illustres; ou par bonnes et fortes Raisons il se prouve que le Sexe Feminin surpasse en toute Sorte de Genre le Sexe Masculin; and with her came Margaret Boufflet and a host of others; and finally, in England, Mary Wollstonecraft, whose
1665 AD (search for this): chapter 5
in 1592, Dei Meriti delle Donne. There was her townswoman, Lucrezia Marinella, who followed, ten years after, with her essay, La Nobilita e La Eccelenza delle Donne, con Difetti e Mancamenti degli Uomini,--a comprehensive theme, truly! Then followed the all-accomplished Anna Maria Schurman, in 1645, with her Dissertatio de Ingenii Muliebris ad Doctrinam et meliores Literas Aptitudine, with a few miscellaneous letters appended in Greek and Hebrew. At last came boldly Jacquette Guillaume, in 1665, and threw down the gauntlet in her title-page, Les Dames Illustres; ou par bonnes et fortes Raisons il se prouve que le Sexe Feminin surpasse en toute Sorte de Genre le Sexe Masculin; and with her came Margaret Boufflet and a host of others; and finally, in England, Mary Wollstonecraft, whose famous book, formidable in its day, would seem rather conservative now; and in America, that pious and worthy dame, Mrs. H. Mather Crocker, Cotton Mather's grandchild, who, in 1848, published the first
1778 AD (search for this): chapter 5
naetait pas un Oeuvre du demon. It was the same with political rights. The foundation of the Salic Law was not any sentimental anxiety to guard female delicacy and domesticity. It was, as stated by Froissart, a blunt, hearty contempt: The kingdom of France being too noble to be ruled by a woman. And the same principle was reaffirmed for our own institutions, in rather softened language, by Theophilus Parsons, in his famous defence of the rights of Massachusetts men (the Essex result, in 1778): Women, what age soever they are of, are not considered as having a sufficient acquired discretion [to exercise the franchise]. In harmony with this are the various maxims and bon-mots of eminent men, in respect to women. Niebuhr thought he should not have educated a girl well,--he should have made her know too much. Lessing said, The woman who thinks is like the man who puts on rouge, ridiculous. Voltaire said, Ideas are like beards: women and young men have none. And witty Dr. Maginn
1801 AD (search for this): chapter 5
Ought women to learn the alphabet? Paris smiled, for an hour or two, in the year 1801, when, amidst Napoleon's mighty projects for remodelling the religion and government of his empire, the ironical satirist, Sylvain Marechal, thrust in his Plan for a law prohibiting the alphabet to women. Daring, keen, sarcastic, learned, the little tract retains to-day so much of its pungency, that we can hardly wonder at the honest simplicity of the author's friend and biographer, Madame Gacon Dufour, who declared that he must be insane, and proceeded to prove herself so by soberly replying to him. His proposed statute consists of eighty-two clauses, and is fortified by a whereas of a hundred and thirteen weighty reasons. He exhausts the range of history to show the frightful results which have followed this taste of the fruit of the tree of knowledge; quotes the Encyclopedie, to prove that the woman who knows the alphabet has already lost a portion of her innocence; cites the opinion of
1848 AD (search for this): chapter 5
quette Guillaume, in 1665, and threw down the gauntlet in her title-page, Les Dames Illustres; ou par bonnes et fortes Raisons il se prouve que le Sexe Feminin surpasse en toute Sorte de Genre le Sexe Masculin; and with her came Margaret Boufflet and a host of others; and finally, in England, Mary Wollstonecraft, whose famous book, formidable in its day, would seem rather conservative now; and in America, that pious and worthy dame, Mrs. H. Mather Crocker, Cotton Mather's grandchild, who, in 1848, published the first book on the Rights of woman ever written on this side the Atlantic. Meanwhile there have never been wanting men, and strong men, to echo these appeals. From Cornelius Agrippa and his essay (1509) on the excellence of woman and her pre-eminence over man, down to the first youthful thesis of Agassiz, Mens Feminae Viri Animo superior, there has been a succession of voices crying in the wilderness. In England, Anthony Gibson wrote a book, in 1599, called A Woman's Woorth
1851 AD (search for this): chapter 5
wives and maidens fought in defence of their European peninsula; and the Portuguese women fought on the same soil, against the armies of Philip II. The king of Siam has, at present, a bodyguard of four hundred women: they are armed with lance and rifle, are admirably disciplined, and their commander (appointed after saving the king's life at a tiger-hunt) ranks as one of the royal family, and has ten elephants at her service. When the all-conquering Dahomian army marched upon Abbeokuta, in 1851, they numbered ten thousand men and six thousand women. The women were, as usual, placed foremost in the assault, as being most reliable: and of the eighteen hundred bodies left dead before the walls, the vast majority were of women. The Hospital of the Invalides, in Paris, has sheltered, for half a century, a fine specimen of a female soldier, Lieutenant Madame Bulan, now eighty-three years old, decorated by Napoleon's own hand with the cross of the Legion of Honor, and credited on the hos
1858 AD (search for this): chapter 5
,--while New York and other States have given it partially or indirectly. Legislative committees in Ohio and Wisconsin have recommended in printed reports the extension of the right of suffrage to women. Kentucky (like Canada) has actually extended it, in certain educational matters, and a Massachusetts legislative committee has suggested the same thing; while the Kansas Constitutional Convention came within a dozen votes of expunging the word male from the State Constitution. Written in 1858. Surely, here and now, might poor M. Marechal exclaim, the bitter fruits of the original seed appear. The sad question recurs, whether women ought ever to have tasted of the alphabet. It is true that Eve ruined us all, according to theology, without knowing her letters. Still there is something to be said in defence of that venerable ancestress. The Veronese lady, Isotta Nogarola, five hundred and thirty-six of whose learned epistles were preserved by De Thou, composed a dialogue on the
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