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January 18th, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 6
onsists of a political disquisition on the existing dangers to the Union; on the horrors of civil war and the best means of averting so great a calamity; and also on the course which their author had resolved to pursue, as a citizen, in the approaching Presidential election. These were themes entirely foreign to a military report, and equally foreign from the official duties of the Commanding General. Furthermore, the Views were published to the world by the General himself, on the 18th January, 1861, in the National Intelligencer, and this without the consent or even previous knowledge of the President.This was done at a critical moment in our history, when the cotton States were seceding one after the other. The reason assigned by him for this strange violation of official confidence toward the President, was the necessity for the correction of misapprehensions which had got abroad, both in the public prints and in public speeches, in relation to the Views. The General commen
February 18th, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 6
le of our small army was on the remote frontiers, where it had been continually employed for years in protecting the inhabitants and the emigrants on their way to the far west, against the attacks of hostile Indians. At no former period had its services been more necessary than throughout the year 1860, from the great number of these Indians continually threatening or waging war on our distant settlements. To employ the language of Mr. Benjamin Stanton, of Ohio, in his report of the 18th February, 1861, from the military committee to the House of Representatives: The regular army numbers only 18,000 men, when recruited to its maximum strength; and the whole of this force is required upon an extended frontier, for the protection of the border settlements against Indian depredations. Indeed, the whole of it had proved insufficient for this purpose. This is established by the reports of General Scott himself to the War Department. In these he urges the necessity of raising more troop
1868 AD (search for this): chapter 6
p scarcely be too strongly stated; but I will only add, that as often as we have been obliged to withdraw troops from one frontier in order to reeinforce another, the weakened points have been instantly attacked or threatened with formidable invasion. The President, feeling the force of such appeals, and urged by the earnest entreaties of the suffering people on the frontiers, recommended to Congress, through the War Department, to raise five additional regiments. Senate Documents, 1857-68, vol. III, p. 4. This, like all other recommendations to place the country in a proper state of defence, was disregarded From what has been stated it is manifest that it was impossible to garrison the numerous forts of the United States with regular troops. This will account for the destitute condition of the nine forts enumerated by General Scott, as well as of all the rest. When our system of fortifications was planned and carried into execution, it was never contemplated to provide gar
Bonaparte (search for this): chapter 6
troops. This will account for the destitute condition of the nine forts enumerated by General Scott, as well as of all the rest. When our system of fortifications was planned and carried into execution, it was never contemplated to provide garrisons for them in time of peace. This would have required a large standing army, against which the American people have ever evinced a wise and wholesome jealousy. Every great republic, from the days of Caesar to Cromwell, and from Cromwell to Bonaparte, has been destroyed by armies composed of free citizens, who had been converted by military discipline into veteran soldiers. Our fortifications, therefore, when completed, were generally left in the custody of a sergeant and a few soldiers. No fear was entertained that they would ever be seized by the States for whose defence against a foreign enemy they had been erected. Under these circumstances it became the plain duty of the President, destitute as he was of military force, not o
Caesar (search for this): chapter 6
ous forts of the United States with regular troops. This will account for the destitute condition of the nine forts enumerated by General Scott, as well as of all the rest. When our system of fortifications was planned and carried into execution, it was never contemplated to provide garrisons for them in time of peace. This would have required a large standing army, against which the American people have ever evinced a wise and wholesome jealousy. Every great republic, from the days of Caesar to Cromwell, and from Cromwell to Bonaparte, has been destroyed by armies composed of free citizens, who had been converted by military discipline into veteran soldiers. Our fortifications, therefore, when completed, were generally left in the custody of a sergeant and a few soldiers. No fear was entertained that they would ever be seized by the States for whose defence against a foreign enemy they had been erected. Under these circumstances it became the plain duty of the President, de
Cromwell (search for this): chapter 6
er contemplated to provide garrisons for them in time of peace. This would have required a large standing army, against which the American people have ever evinced a wise and wholesome jealousy. Every great republic, from the days of Caesar to Cromwell, and from Cromwell to Bonaparte, has been destroyed by armies composed of free citizens, who had been converted by military discipline into veteran soldiers. Our fortifications, therefore, when completed, were generally left in the custody of aCromwell to Bonaparte, has been destroyed by armies composed of free citizens, who had been converted by military discipline into veteran soldiers. Our fortifications, therefore, when completed, were generally left in the custody of a sergeant and a few soldiers. No fear was entertained that they would ever be seized by the States for whose defence against a foreign enemy they had been erected. Under these circumstances it became the plain duty of the President, destitute as he was of military force, not only to refrain from any act which might provoke or encourage the cotton States into secession, but to smooth the way for such a Congressional compromise as had in times past happily averted danger from the Union. There
Indians (search for this): chapter 6
ure of the Views, and their strange and inconsistent character, the President dismissed them from his mind without further consideration. It is proper to inform the reader why General Scott had five companies only within reach for the proposed service. This was because nearly the whole of our small army was on the remote frontiers, where it had been continually employed for years in protecting the inhabitants and the emigrants on their way to the far west, against the attacks of hostile Indians. At no former period had its services been more necessary than throughout the year 1860, from the great number of these Indians continually threatening or waging war on our distant settlements. To employ the language of Mr. Benjamin Stanton, of Ohio, in his report of the 18th February, 1861, from the military committee to the House of Representatives: The regular army numbers only 18,000 men, when recruited to its maximum strength; and the whole of this force is required upon an extended
Abraham Lincoln (search for this): chapter 6
tton States, and smooth the way to a compromise the rights of those States in no danger from Mr. Lincoln's election their true policy was to cling to the Union. Such, since the period of Mr. LinMr. Lincoln's election, having been the condition of the Southern States, the Views of General Scott, addressed before that event to the Secretary of War, on the 29th and 30th October, 1860, were calculatedhat these views, the substance of which soon reached the Southern States, were written before Mr. Lincoln's election, and at a time when none of the cotton States had made the first movement toward sactual invasion of their constitutional rights over slave property from any hostile action of Mr. Lincoln's administration. For the protection of these, they could rely both on the judicial and the t was also ascertained that there would be a majority in both Houses of the first Congress of Mr. Lincoln's term, sufficient to prevent any legislation to their injury. Thus protected, it would be m
Paley (search for this): chapter 6
t by possibility it might be inferred he intended to employ force for any other purpose than to open the way through this gap to a State beyond, still in the Union, he disclaims any such construction, and says: The foregoing views eschew the idea of invading a seceded State. This disclaimer is as strong as any language he could employ for the purpose. To sustain the limited right to open the way through the gap, he cites, not the Constitution of the United States, but the last chapter of Paley's Moral and Political Philosophy, which, however, contains no allusion to the subject. The General paints the horrors of civil war in the most gloomy colors, and then proposes his alternative for avoiding them. He exclaims: But break this glorious Union by whatever line or lines that political madness may contrive, and there would be no hope of reuniting the fragments except by the laceration and despotism of the sword. To effect such result the intestine wars of our Mexican neig
Winfield Scott (search for this): chapter 6
Chapter 5: General Scott's views, and the encouragement they afforded to the cotton Stition of the Southern States, the Views of General Scott, addressed before that event to the Secretnce occurred], was not within the scope of General Scott's provisional remedies. As if apprehendinepot. According to this arrangement of General Scott, all that would be left for the Northeast ny. It is worthy of special remark that General Scott in his autobiography recently published, vnion. Under these circumstances, surely General Scott ought not to have informed them in advance. It is proper to inform the reader why General Scott had five companies only within reach for tse. This is established by the reports of General Scott himself to the War Department. In these h leaving not a company for Utah. Again, General Scott, in his report of November 13, 1858, says: condition of the nine forts enumerated by General Scott, as well as of all the rest. When our s
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