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of the recent fighting showed that little further progress could be made by digging alone, and Grant accordingly determined to make the final assault on the morning of the 6th of July. Orders were issued to prepare the heads of approaches for the easy debouche of troops, to widen the main approaches so that the men could move easily by fours, and to prepare planks and sand-bags filled with pressed cotton, for crossing ditches. Johnston was moving up at the same time. On the night of the 1st, he encamped between Brownsville and the Big Black river, and, on the 3d, sent word to Pemberton, that about the 7th of the month, an attempt to create a diversion would be made, to enable the garrison to cut its way out. This dispatch did not reach Pemberton till the 10th of July, when both he and the messenger were prisoners. This attack, however, was never made. The movement to Browns ville was the last operation undertaken for the relief or the defence of Vicksburg. On the 22d of Jun
arrival of Herron and Parke completion of investment fortification of Haine's bluff corps of observation line of countervallation Pemberton prepares for escape McClernand relieved condition of garrison sufferings of inhabitants mine of June 25th hardships of national troops persistency of Grant final assault fixed for July 6th Pemberton proposes surrender terms of capitulation interview between commanders surrender of Vicksburg treatment of prisoners Pemberton's headquarters enemy's lines, on the Graveyard and Jackson roads, and in Ransom's front, as well as on the Baldwin and Hall's ferry roads. Mining had been resorted to, by both besiegers and besieged, and, on the Jackson road, Grant fired a heavy mine on the 25th of June. It extended thirty-five feet from the point of starting: fifteen hundred pounds of powder were deposited in three different branch mines, and seven hundred in the centre one; fuses were arranged so as to explode them all at the same instant,
July 3rd, 1863 AD (search for this): chapter 10
eed upon, at the expense of the capturing party. . . . . Article 7. All prisoners of war now held on either side, and all prisoners hereafter taken, shall be sent with all reasonable dispatch to A. M. Aiken's, below Dutch Gap, on the James river, Virginia, or to Vicksburg, on the Mississippi river, in the state of Mississippi, and there exchanged, or paroled until such exchange can be effected. . . . . General orders, no. 207. war Department, Adjutant-General's office, Washington, July 3, 1863. The attention of all persons in the military service of the United States is called to Article 7 of the cartel agreed upon on the 22d of July, 1862, and published in General Orders No. 142, September 25, 1862. According to the terms of this cartel, all captures must be reduced to actual possession, and all prisoners of war must be delivered at the places designated, there to be exchanged, or paroled until exchange can be effected. Pemberton submitted Grant's letter to a council o
ore; in that time, two thousand boats would be built, and the besieged could escape by crossing the Mississippi river. The rebel finished by announcing that houses in Vicksburg were now being torn down to get material for the boats. On the 22d of June, Johnston wrote to Pemberton: If I can do nothing to relieve you, rather than surrender the garrison, endeavor to cross the river at the last moment; and, when Vicksburg fell, a large number of badly-constructed boats was found in the town, evnot reach Pemberton till the 10th of July, when both he and the messenger were prisoners. This attack, however, was never made. The movement to Browns ville was the last operation undertaken for the relief or the defence of Vicksburg. On the 22d of June, Pemberton had suggested to Johnston that the latter should make propositions to Grant to pass the garrison out, with all its arms and equipages; but Johnston replied: Negotiations with Grant for the relief of the garrison, should they become
Detailed instructions were at the same time given to McClernand, to govern him if the garrison should attempt to take advantage of the expected arrival of a relieving army, and the consequent weakening of the besiegers. The most constant watchfulness was required on the front towards the city, while, at the same time, Grant's dispatches were incessant and anxious to all the commanders in the corps of observation, especially to Washburne, who was yet in command at Haine's bluff. On the 21st of June, Grant received curious information through the rebel pickets; the national works had now approached so close to those of the besiegers, that the two picket-lines were within hail of each other; and, one of the rebels made an agreement with a national sentinel, that they should lay down their arms and have a talk. The rebel declared that Grant's cannonading had killed and wounded a great many in the rifle-pits; that the besieged had fully expected another assault, and been prepared to m
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