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light of other occurrences about that time the order requiring them to carry a pass, the essential badge of slavery, was indeed anomalous. For example, a public negro ball was given by permission of the military authorities at Galveston, and no permit was obtained from the municipal authorities, which was a breach of the city ordinances. The manager was fined by the recorder, J. P. Cole, and committed to jail in default of payment. The Galveston News thus described what followed: On the 3d instant, while the council was in session with Mayor Leonard presiding, a Federal officer with armed guard entered the city hall and arrested the mayor, taking him from his seat and putting him in jail. It further stated that he was permitted to resume the functions of his office, with instructions, however, that military orders at present are the supreme law of the land. In this manner was the enforcement of the law by local authorities resented where it conflicted with the will of the Federa
itution would soon be restored. This seemed to be promised by the appointment of Andrew J. Hamilton provisional governor by the proclamation of President Johnson on June 17, 1865. The late Hon. Charles Stewart has described Governor Hamilton as in many respects a remarkable man, and as a man of generous impulses and of extraordinary intellectual power. He was a member of Congress at the time of secession, and being a Union man went north at the beginning of the war and remained there until its close. Among the duties imposed upon him by the President was that of convening a constitutional convention, the proclamation reciting that the delegates were to be chosen by that portion of the people of said State who are loyal to the United States, and no other. He reached Texas in July, 1865, and assumed the duties of his office on the 25th of that month. Then really began the period never to be forgotten by those who passed through it known as Reconstruction of the State of Texas.
lities to reopen. Another attempted invasion by way of Louisiana, Arkansas, or the Gulf coast was expected, and but few realized that the war was nearly over. During the last year of the war communication with the CisMis-sissippi Department was almost entirely cut off, and the ports on the Gulf coast were blockaded. After the fall of Vicksburg the Mississippi river was patrolled by gunboats so closely that a skiff could hardly cross with safety. Although Lee's surrender took place on April 9th, it was not known anywhere in Texas until late in that month, and the intelligence did not reach many portions of the State until May was well advanced. It is an incident worthy to be remembered that the last gun of the war was fired by a Texan on Texas soil, in an engagement on the Rio Grande, on May 13, 1865, fought near the historic field of Palo Alto, the combatants being ignorant of the stupendous events which had lately occurred. The army and the people of Texas had unbounded f
whipped. Slender as were the grounds for hope, it was not wholly abandoned while the fate of Johnston's army and the other forces across the Mississippi was unknown. The idea of continuing the war in this State was prevalent, and by many believed practicable, and strongly advocated during the few weeks which preceded the final dissolution of the Confederate forces in Texas. General E. Kirby Smith, commanding the department, issued an address from Shreveport, La., to the soldiers, on April 22d, saying in reference to Lee's surrender at Appomattox: His army was but a small portion of our forces in Virginia. The armies of Johnston and Beauregard, tripling that under General Lee, are still in the field presenting an unterrified front to the enemy. On the same day, nearly three hundred miles away, the officers, from colonels to lieutenants, in the regiments known as Pyron's, Elmore's, De Bray's, Cook's Heavy Artillery, the Second Texas Cavalry, and others, signed a stirring appe
South had followed the assassination of Lincoln. Some of the leading newspapers accused the Confederate authorities with having been implicated in the plot. The inflamed state of the Northern mind rendered the preposterous accusation easy of belief, while the bitter feeling engendered by the war was intensified by the crime. Threats of the direst punishment, of wholesale prosecution for treason and confiscation of property filled the Northern papers. An influential New York journal, on April 25th, in an editorial, complacently disposed of the policy to be pursued towards the Southern people as follows: It will, beyond all doubt, be the aim of President Johnson to break up and distribute the large lands and properties in the South. This object Mr. Johnson proposed to accomplish by a vigorous enforcement of the confiscation laws against the rebel land holders. * * * The division of the great Southern States into small freeholds will effect a complete social revolution in the South,
. On all sides were heard public expressions of determination to prolong the struggle. While rumors were afloat to the effect that Lee had only surrendered a small part of his forces, and that the bulk of his army had joined Johnston; that President Davis and his Cabinet had escaped across the Mississippi river and would reorganize the government at Shreveport, La., and other unfounded reports of like nature, which deferred for a brief season the despair which was soon to follow. On April 26th General Joe Shelby, of Missouri, issued an address to his men at Pittsburg, Tex., in which he said: Stand by the ship, boys, as long as there is one plank upon another. All your hopes and fears are there. All that life holds dearest and nearest are there. Your bleeding motherland-pure and stainless as an angel-guarded child — the proud, imperial South, the nurse of your boyhood and the priestess of your faith, is there and calls upon you, her children, her best and bravest, in the prid
, the blue hills and the green fields of your nativity, and send your scornful challenge forth, the Saxon breasts are equal to the Norman steel. He exhorted the Missouri cavalry division to keep together and to prefer exile to submission. On April 27th Governor Pendleton Murrah, of Texas, issued a proclamation from Austin announcing the surrender of Lee and calling upon the people to recruit the army and continue the struggle, saying: It may yet be the privilege of Texas, the youngest of the Confederate sisters, to redeem the cause of the Confederacy from its present perils. On that day (April 27th) the brigade commanded by General W. P. Hardeman, encamped in Washington county, held a mass meeting and resolved that though Lee had surrendered, they would not abandon the struggle until the right of self-government was established, and declared their readiness to march to the aid of their brethren in arms in the Cis-Mississippi Department. Still holding on. Similar mass-meetin
ess to march to the aid of their brethren in arms in the Cis-Mississippi Department. Still holding on. Similar mass-meetings were held and like resolutions passed in other commands near the same time. At a public meeting held at Lagrange April 29th, resolutions were adopted to the effect that under no possible circumstances would the people ever submit to reunion or reconstruction. The citizens of Chappell Hill passed resolutions to reinforce the army and furnish their negroes as soldiers, and declared: We would prefer a common grave for ourselves and our children than to submit to the rule of Northern despots. Similar resolutions were adopted in Colorado, Limestone and many other counties. On April 29th Governor Henry Watkins Allen, of Louisiana, issued a ringing address to the soldiers of Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas and Missouri, calling upon them to unite in a solemn pledge to stand as patriots and freemen firmly to the holy cause, in storm or sunshine, in misfortune or s
by gunboats so closely that a skiff could hardly cross with safety. Although Lee's surrender took place on April 9th, it was not known anywhere in Texas until late in that month, and the intelligence did not reach many portions of the State until May was well advanced. It is an incident worthy to be remembered that the last gun of the war was fired by a Texan on Texas soil, in an engagement on the Rio Grande, on May 13, 1865, fought near the historic field of Palo Alto, the combatants being and of the same families with those who composed Hood's brigade and Terry's rangers, which organizations deserve to rank in valor with the legions of Caesar and the battalions of Napoleon. The disbanding of the troops began about the middle of May, and up to the 31st there were men under arms in isolated commands or where remnants of regiments still devoted to the cause kept together and refused to accept the inevitable; but the forces continued to be depleted day by day. On May 21st par
th Governor Henry Watkins Allen, of Louisiana, issued a ringing address to the soldiers of Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas and Missouri, calling upon them to unite in a solemn pledge to stand as patriots and freemen firmly to the holy cause, in storm or sunshine, in misfortune or success, through good report and through evil report, and to fight our invaders now and for all time to come, in armies, in regiments, in companies, in squads or singly, until our independence is won and conceded. On May 5th General J. B. Magruder issued an address to his soldiers announcing Lee's surrender, and stating that the Federal general (Banks) had proposed a surrender of the troops in this department, which he would not even consider. The concluding words of the address were: We are not whipped, and no matter what may transpire elsewhere, recollect we never will be whipped. Slender as were the grounds for hope, it was not wholly abandoned while the fate of Johnston's army and the other forces acro
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