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Browsing named entities in Comte de Paris, History of the Civil War in America. Vol. 1. (ed. Henry Coppee , LL.D.).

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Paris (Arkansas, United States) (search for this): chapter 1
cribe a war some incidents of which lave cone within his own personal observation. Notwithstanding his legitimate preferences for the cause he served, he has endeavored to preserve, throughout his narrative, the strictest impartiality. He has examined, with equal care, the documents that have emanated from both parties; and if his work be a reflex of the vicissitudes in the midst of which it was prosecuted, he believes that it possesses, at least, the merit of precision and sincerity. Paris, September, 1875. gentlemen: The necessities of an early publication of the translation of my History of the Civil War in America having prevented me from revising that translation before the present issue, I must leave upon Mr. Tasistro the responsibility of his work; but his ability is a sufficient guarantee that this work has been accomplished with care and accuracy. It has therefore been agreed between my publishers, Messrs. Levy, and myself to grant to the translation, since it is t
November 9th, 1875 AD (search for this): chapter 2
ent will be adopted for the following volumes. The maps necessary to a clear understanding of the text have been exactly reproduced; only the general maps of large sections of country have been omitted, as they may be supplied by any good American atlas within the reader's reach. The French metrical system of measurement has been retained in the translation, because it is already greatly used in this country and taught in our schools, and because, although on a scale the transfer is easy from miles to kilometres, etc., it is difficult to make the transfer in decimals throughout the text. For convenience the reader is reminded that a metre= 39.38 American inches; a centimetre, the one hundredth of a metre, = .3938 of an inch; kilometer=.62 of a mile. It may further be observed that as the map scales are simply fractions of any unit, as 60,000 to 1, etc., distances may be laid off at once in our measures by assuming our unit. H. C. Fountain Hill, South Bethlehem, Nov. 9, 1875.
De Tocqueville (search for this): chapter 2
duced a book displaying careful research, cool judgment, and a manifest purpose to be just to all. It is vigorous in style, scholarly without a touch of pedantry; his battle-pictures are effective from their great simplicity; the battle fights itself under the reader's eyes. So varied and skilful is the handling of the narrative that the interest does not flag for a moment, even when he deals with dry statistics. In a large and philosophic view of American institutions he has rivalled De Tocqueville. Although his service was short in this country, he gained a full knowledge of the machinery and working of our government, and was a witness of the marvellous creation of a colossal army out of nothing. He has thus been enabled to use intelligently the large materials he has collected, and to present the first portion of what must be regarded as an admirable history of the greatest war, as to numbers, extent of territory, and importance of issue, the world has ever seen. Not one
L. F. Tasistro (search for this): chapter 2
Editor's Preface. when I was called by the publisher to the task of editing this work, I was at first doubtful as to the extent and limit of my labors. The English version of Mr. L. F. Tasistro, an experienced translator, had already been made, and was placed in my hands. After a very careful revision of it, particularly as to military details and technicalities, with which my former life had rendered me more familiar, I found myself really limited to seeing the volume properly through the press, with scarcely a comment. The very few editorial notes are upon points of fact or statistics. It would have been unbecoming in me to argue upon controverted questions, national, political, or military, upon which, after careful investigation and mature deliberation, the author has expressed himself decidedly. Least of all have I considered it within my province to say a word as to his estimates of individuals and their relations to the government. He has himself said that
1847 AD (search for this): chapter 3
gn was the means of forming nearly all the military chiefs who, on one side or the other, have been noted in the combats we shall have to describe. It inspired the stories of the bivouac fifteen years later, when the captain and the lieutenant of 1847, now in command of volunteer armies or army corps, found themselves opposed to the companions of their early experiences in arms. The war of 1812 had not been a glorious one. That of Mexico, on the contrary, was a series of successes scarcely inn collected at New Orleans for this purpose, but it was deemed necessary to take away from Taylor his best soldiers to form the principal nucleus of the new expedition. These preparations occupied a portion of the winter, and at the beginning of 1847, nearly all the regular troops that Taylor had under his command were proceeding toward Matamoras, where they were to join the fleet, which had left New Orleans, and embark with General Scott for Vera Cruz. In the mean time, the Mexicans, under
1856 AD (search for this): chapter 3
f four years, each district finds itself thus represented by one pupil, unless the latter should receive a sufficient number of demerits to cause his dismissal. These selections have frequently been the result of good luck rather than of good judgment. As an illustration of these fortunate chances we may quote the case of the young general Kilpatrick, one of the most brilliant cavalry officers in the late war, who was indebted to his precocious eloquence for his admission to West Point. In 1856, when only eighteen years of age, he was extremely anxious to embrace the profession of arms. The right to nominate a pupil to West Point was about to fall upon the Representative of his district, and, on the other hand, in consequence of the expiration of his term of office, the person who occupied that position was on the eve of entering upon a new canvass for the suffrages of his fellow-citizens. The candidate for the military academy conceived the idea of laying the political candidate
1776 AD (search for this): chapter 3
source of anxiety to him. On the field of battle they more than once occasioned disastrous panics; in camp they frequently fomented a spirit of revolt. The volunteer regiments, formed at a moment of patriotic impulse, were composed of far better material; but they were only enlisted for a few months, and during the early stages of the war the negotiations set on foot to prolong their term of service were constantly paralyzing military operations. The national army was at last organized in 1776. It has served as the type of all the levies of volunteers which have been made since, down to those called for by Mr. Lincoln. This army was placed under the immediate orders of Congress, which shared with the States the costs of pay and equipment. The contingent of each State was fixed at a certain number of battalions, the officers of which were appointed by the local authorities; and if the voluntary enlistments did not suffice, the total number required was completed by drafting excl
1798 AD (search for this): chapter 3
eased the number to two thousand one hundred and twenty-eight men. In 1793 it was suddenly raised to six thousand men, to be again reduced in 1796 to two thousand eight hundred men. Each time an act of Congress had authorized the recruiting of men and the formation of corps, now and then specifying the duration of their existence, and creating the necessary grades for the occasion. But it frequently happened that, by this process, officers were procured more readily than soldiers. Thus, in 1798, apprehending a war with France, Congress ordered a levy of thirteen thousand regular troops. But two years after, it was found that, while the corps of officers was complete, only three thousand four hundred men had been enlisted; and in 1802 this ephemeral army was reduced to the total of three thousand men. It will be seen that it scarcely deserved the name of a regular army. Consequently, the more America relied upon her volunteers for defence, the more she needed a permanent school to
1860 AD (search for this): chapter 3
r individual rights, and to the majority the full enjoyment of political power, is violated by any portion of the community, if the outrage be not severely repressed, despotism is established in the land. Beaten in the presidential elections of 1860, the Southern States sought to regain by intimidation or force the influence they had exercised until then in the interest of slavery; and while shouting aloud the words Independence and liberty, they trampled the solemn contract under foot as sooshments were in defiance of the army regulations and the Articles of War, and must be attributed to the excitement and confusion of the period referred to.—Ed. A high rate of compensation could alone draw volunteer recruits into this army. In 1860 this rate of compensation was as high as eleven dollars, or nearly sixty francs, per month, without any deduction for food or raiment. The disproportion between the salaries of different grades was less than amongst us; for in America it is not t
1815 AD (search for this): chapter 3
emselves with extraordinary energy at Bunker Hill, as the improvised soldiers of General Jackson did at a later period, in 1815, at New Orleans, and as, upon a wider field of action, the army of the Potomac did at Gettysburg. They were indefatigable, against a standing army—prejudices of which Jefferson was the exponent in his own cabinet. Consequently, from 1789 till 1815 the regular army—that which was raised and organized directly by the Federal power without the intervention of the States—ut established cadres, proved to be quite as inexperienced as any volunteers or militia. But when peace was declared in 1815, instead of disbanding them to the last man, as had been customary, ten thousand men were retained under the flag. They fe Indians. THE Mexican war was the only brilliant epoch in the annals of the American army from its actual formation in 1815 down to the breaking out of the civil war in 1861. But the remainder of that long period was not a time of peace and rest<
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