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the command of Sir Hugh Willoughby, following the instructions of Cabot, now almost an octogenarian, dropped down the Thames with the intent to reach China by doubling the northern promontory of Norway. The admiral, separated from his companions in a storm, was driven by the cold in September to seek shelter in a Lapland harbor. When search was made for him in the following spring, his whole company had perished from cold; Willoughby himself, whose papers showed that he had survived till January, was found dead in his cabin. Richard Chancellor, in one of the other ships, reached the harbor of Archangel. This was the discovery of Russia, Chap. III.} 1554 and the commencement of maritime commerce with that empire. A Spanish writer calls the result of the voyage a discovery of new Indies. Hakluyt, i. 251—284. Turner's England, III. 298—301. Purchas, III. 462, 463. The Russian nation, one of the oldest and least mixed in Europe now awakening from a long lethargy, emerged into
e, by the Canaries and West Indies, conceiving the idea of a direct voyage to America, with the concurrence of Raleigh, had well nigh secured to New England the honor of the first permanent English colony. Steering, in a small bark, directly 602 Mar. across the Atlantic, in seven weeks he reached the continent of America in the Bay of Massachusetts, not Chap. III.} 1602. May 14. far to the north of Nahant. Belknap's Biog II. 103. Williamson's Maine, i. 184, 185. He failed to observe a go5. moted by the Earl of Southampton and Lord Arundel, of Wardour, and commanded by George Weymouth, who, in attempting a north-west passage, had already explored the coast of Labrador, now discovered the Penobscot River. Weymouth left England in March, and, in about six weeks, came in sight of the American continent near Cape Cod. Turning to the north, he approached the coast of Maine, and ascended the western branch of the Penobscot beyond Belfast Bay; where the deep channel of the broad str
March 7th (search for this): chapter 7
who were endowed by his liberality with large concessions, and who, it was hoped, would replenish Virginia with settlers. Among the men who thus obtained an assignment of the proprietary's rights in Virginia, is found the name of Richard Hakluyt; it is the connecting link between the first efforts of England in North Carolina and the final colonization of Virginia. The colonists at Roanoke had emigrated with a charter; the new instrument Hazard, i. 42—45. was not an assignment of 1589 Mar. 7 Raleigh's patent, but extended a grant, already held under its sanction, by increasing the number to whom the rights of that charter belonged. Yet the enterprise of the adventurers languished for it was no longer encouraged by the profuse liberality of Raleigh. More than another year elapsed, before 1590 Whit White, in Hakluyt, III. 348, 349, and 350—357. could return to search for his colony and his daughter; and then the Island of Roanoke was a desert. An inscription on the bark
March 25th (search for this): chapter 7
The Hind reached Falmouth in Sept. 22. safety. On Gilbert, see Hayes, in Hakluyt, III. 184—203; Parmenius to Hakluyt, III. 203—205; Clark's Relation, ibid. 206—208; Gilbert to Peckham, in Purchas, III. 808; leigh to Gilbert, in Tytler's Raleigh, 45. The bold spirit of Raleigh was not disheartened by 1584 the sad fate of his step-brother; but his mind revolved a settlement in a milder climate; and he was determined to secure to England those delightful countries Chap. III.} 1584. Mar. 25. from which the Protestants of France had been expelled. Having presented a memorial, he readily obtained from Elizabeth a paten Hakluyt, III. 297—301. Hazard, i. 33—38. as ample as that which had been conferred on Gilbert. It was drawn according to the principles of feudal law, and with strict regard to the Christian faith, as professed in the church of England. Raleigh was constituted a lord proprietary, with almost unlimited powers; holding his territories by homage and an inco
April 10th (search for this): chapter 7
hants of Bristol, with the ready assent of Raleigh, Purchas, IV. 1614. and at the instance of Richard Hakluyt, the enlightened friend and able documentary historian of these commercial enterprises, a man whose fame should be vindicated and asserted in the land which he helped to colonize, determined to pursue the career of investigation. The Speedwell, a small ship of fifty tons and thirty men, the Discoverer, a bark of twenty-six tons and thirteen men, under the command of Martin 1603 April 10. Pring, set sail for America a few days after the death of the queen. It was a private undertaking, and therefore not retarded by that event. The ship was well provided with trinkets and merchandise, suited to a traffic with the natives; and this voyage also was successful. It reached the American coast among the islands which skirt the harbors of Maine. The mouth Chap. III.} of the Penobscot offered good anchorage and fishing Pring made a discovery of the eastern rivers and harbors—t
April 22nd (search for this): chapter 7
in Hakluyt, III. 340—348. The story is repeated by Smith, Stith, Keith, Burk, Belknap, Williamson, Martin, Thomson, Tytler, and others. For when White reached England, he found its whole attention absorbed by the threats of an invasion from Spain; and Grenville, Raleigh, and Lane, not less than Frobisher, Drake, and Hawkins, were engaged in planning measures of resistance. Yet Raleigh, whose patriotism did not diminish his generosity, found means to despatch White with supplies 1588. April 22. in two vessels. But the company, desiring a gainful voyage rather than a safe one, ran in chase of prizes; till, at last, one of them fell in with men-of-war from Rochelle, and, after a bloody fight, was boarded and rifled. Both ships were compelled to return immediately to England, to the ruin of the colony and the displeasure of its author. Hakluyt, edition 1589, 771 quoted in Oldys, 98, 99. The delay was fatal; the independence of the English kingdom, and the security of the Prote
April 26th (search for this): chapter 7
and property Jan 7. might be secured, he granted a charter of incorporation for the settlement, and established a municipal government for the city of Raleigh. John White was appointed its governor; and to him, with eleven assistants, the administration of the colony was intrusted. A fleet of transport ships was prepared at the expense of the proprietary; Queen Elizabeth, the godmother of Virginia, declined contributing to its education. The company, as it embarked, was cheered by the April 26. presence of women; and an ample provision of the implements of husbandry gave a pledge for successful industry. In July, they arrived on the coast of North Carolina; they were saved from the dangers of Cape Chap. III.} 1587. Fear; and, passing Cape Hatteras, they hastened to the Isle of Roanoke, to search for the handful of men whom Grenville had left there as a garrison. They found the tenements deserted and overgrown with weeds; human bones lay scattered on the field; wild deer were
April 27th (search for this): chapter 7
e region, of which he had power to make grants according to his pleasure. Expectations rose high, since the balmy regions of the south were now to be colonized; and the terrors of icy seas were forgotten in the hope of gaining a province in a clime of perpetual fertility, where winter hardly intruded to check the productiveness of nature. Two vessels, well laden with men and provisions, under the command of Philip Amidas and Arthur Barlow, buoyant with hope, set sail for the New World. April 27. They pursued the circuitous route by the Canaries and the islands of the West Indies; after a short stay in those islands, they sailed for the north, and were soon opposite the shores of Carolina. As they drew near July 2. land, the fragrance was as if they had been in the midst of some delicate garden, abounding with all kinds of odoriferous flowers. They ranged the coast for a distance of one hundred and twenty miles, in search of a convenient harbor; they entered the first haven whic
areer of discovery; and in 1602, Bartholomew Gosnold, who, perhaps, had already sailed to Virginia, with the usual route, by the Canaries and West Indies, conceiving the idea of a direct voyage to America, with the concurrence of Raleigh, had well nigh secured to New England the honor of the first permanent English colony. Steering, in a small bark, directly 602 Mar. across the Atlantic, in seven weeks he reached the continent of America in the Bay of Massachusetts, not Chap. III.} 1602. May 14. far to the north of Nahant. Belknap's Biog II. 103. Williamson's Maine, i. 184, 185. He failed to observe a good harbor, and, standing for the south, discovered the promontory which he called Cape Cod—a name which would not yield to that of the next monarch of England. Here he and four of his men landed; Cape Cod was the first spot in New England ever trod by Englishmen. Doubling the cape, and passing Nantucket, they again landed on a little island, now called No May 24. Man's land,
. III.} 1602. May 14. far to the north of Nahant. Belknap's Biog II. 103. Williamson's Maine, i. 184, 185. He failed to observe a good harbor, and, standing for the south, discovered the promontory which he called Cape Cod—a name which would not yield to that of the next monarch of England. Here he and four of his men landed; Cape Cod was the first spot in New England ever trod by Englishmen. Doubling the cape, and passing Nantucket, they again landed on a little island, now called No May 24. Man's land, and afterwards passed round the promontory of Gay Head, naming it Dover Cliff. At length they entered Buzzard's Bay—a stately sound, which they called Gosnold's Hope. The westernmost of the islands was named Elizabeth, from the queen—a name which has been transferred to the whole group. Here they beheld the rank vegetation of a virgin soil; the noble forests; the wild fruits and the flowers, bursting from the earth; the eglantine, the thorn, and the honeysuckle, the wild pea,<
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