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December 12th (search for this): chapter 2
envious, self-willed, and foolishly proud. Disasters lowered on the voyage at its commencement: a mast breaks; they return: the voyage begins anew amidst variances between La Salle and the naval commander. In every instance on the record, the judgment of La Salle was right. At St. Domingo, La Salle, delayed and cruelly thwarted by Beaujeu, saw already the shadow of his coming misfortunes. On leaving the island, they were Nov 25. more at variance than ever. They double Cape Anto- Dec. 12. 28. nio; they discover land on the continent; aware of the easterly direction of the Gulf Stream, they sail slowly in the opposite course. On the tenth day of January, 1685 Jan. 10. 1685, they must have been near the mouth of the Mississippi; but La Salle thought not, and the fleet sailed by. Presently, he perceived his error, and desired to Chap. XX.} return; but Beaujeu refused; and thus they sailed to 1685 the west, and still to the west, till they reached the Bay of Matagorda. We
May 7th (search for this): chapter 2
r land was, therefore, a part of the empire of France. The cross and the lily, em- Chap. XX.} blems of France and Christianity, were now known in the basin of the Oswego. The success of the mission encouraged Dablon to invite a French colony into the land of the Onondagas; and, though the attempt excited the jealousy of the Mohawks, whose war chiefs, in their hunt after Huron fugitives, still roamed even to the Isle of Orleans, a company of fifty Frenchmen embarked for Onondaga. 1656. May 7. Diffuse harangues, dances, songs, and feastings, were their welcome from the Indians. In a general convo- July 11. cation of the tribe, the question of adopting Christianity as its religion was debated; and sanguine hope July 24. already included the land of the Onondagas as a part of Christendom. The chapel, too small for the throng of worshippers that assembled to the sound of its little bell, was enlarged. The Cayugas also desired a missionary, and they received the fearless Rene Me
May 8th (search for this): chapter 2
part of New York which is watered by streams that flow to the St. Lawrence, was first visited exclusively by the French. But the fixed hostility and the power of the Five Nations left no hope of success in gaining safe intercourse by the St. Lawrence. To preserve the avenue to the west by the Ottawa, Pijart and Charles Raymbault, in 1640, on their pilgrimage to the Huron country, attempted the conversion of the roving tribes that were masters of the highways; and, in the following 1641. May 8. year, they roamed as missionaries with the Algonquins Relation 1642 p. 152. of Lake Nipissing. Towards the close of summer, these wandering Ibid. p. 153. tribes prepared to celebrate their festival of the dead,—to gather up the bones of their deceased friends, and give them jointly an honorable sepulchre. To this ceremony all the confederate nations were invited; and, as they approach the shore, on a deep 1641. Sept. bay in Lake Iroquois, their canoes advance in regular array, and th
September 13th (search for this): chapter 2
of a few moments would erect, and for which nature provided a floor of green inlaid with flowers. On every side clustered beauties, which art had not spoiled, and could not imitate. The purpose of discovering the Mississippi, of which 1669 the tales of the natives had published the magnificence, Relation 1669, 70, p. 11. sprung from Marquette himself. He had resolved on Ibid. 53. attempting it, in the autumn of 1669; and, when delay intervened, from the necessity of employing him- Sept. 13. self at Che-goi-me-gon, which Allouez had exchanged for a new mission at Green Bay, he selected a young Illinois as a companion, by whose instructions he be- 1669, 1670 came familiar with the dialect of that tribe. Continued commerce with the French gave protec- 1670. tion to the Algonquins of the west, and confirmed their attachment. A political interest grew up, and extended to Colbert and the ministry of Louis XIV. It became the fixed purpose of Talon, the intendant of the colony
September 19th (search for this): chapter 2
see! to the broad blade there clung little drops of dew or of water, enough to baptize two captive Creuxius, 346 neophytes. Three Hurons were condemned to the flames. The Chap. XX.} brave Ahasistari, having received absolution, met his end with the enthusiasm of a convert and the pride of the most gallant war-chief of his tribe. Sad was the fate of the captive novice, Rene Goupil. He had been seen to make the sign of the cross on an infant's brow. He will destroy the vil- 1642. Sept. 19. lage by his charms, said his master; and, summoned while reciting, alternately with Jogues, the rosary of the Virgin, a blow with the tomahawk laid him lifeless. Father Jogues had expected the same fate; but his life was spared, and his liberty enlarged. On a hill apart, he carved a long cross on a tree, and there, in the solitude, meditated the imitation of Christ, and soothed his griefs by reflecting that he alone, in that vast region, adored the true God of earth and heaven. Roamin
September, 1646 AD (search for this): chapter 2
o can tell all the hazards that were encountered? The sharp rocks in the channel of the river were full of perils for the frail canoe; winter turned the solitudes into a wilderness of snow; the rover, Christian or pagan, must carry about with him his house, his furniture, and his food. But the Jesuit succeeded in winning the affections of the savages; and, after a pilgrimage of ten months, an escort of thirty conducted him to Quebec, 1647. June 15. full of health and joy. Thus, in September, 1646, within fourteen years from the restoration of Quebec, France, advancing rapidly towards a widely extended dominion in North America, had its outposts on the Kennebec, and on the shores of Lake Huron, and had approached the settlements round Albany. The missionaries, exalted by zeal, enjoyed a fearless tranquillity, and were pledged to obedience unto death. The whole strength of the colony lay in the missions. The government was weakened by the royal jealousy; the population hardly
February 14th (search for this): chapter 2
Onondaga. The deputies of the Senecas, the Cayugas, and the Onondagas, assembled to the sound of the bell that had belonged to the Aug. 12. chapel of the Jesuits; and the resolve of the council was, peace. But he could influence only the upper nations. The Mohawks would not be appeased; Montreal was not safe—one ecclesiastic was killed 1662. near its gates; a new organization of the colony was needed, or it would come to an end. The company of the hundred associates resolved, 1663. Feb. 14. therefore, to resign the colony to the king; and immediately, under the auspices of Colbert, it was conceded to the new company of the West Indies. A powerful appeal was made, in favor of Canada, to the king; the company of Jesuits publicly invited him to assume its defence, and become their champion against the Iroquois. After various efforts at fit appointments, the year 1665 saw the colony of New France protected by a royal regiment, with the aged but indefatigable Tracy as viceroy;
1484 AD (search for this): chapter 2
ystem, being founded in error and injustice, was doomed not only itself to expire, but, by overthrowing the mighty fabric of the colonial system, to emancipate commerce, and open a boundless career to human hope. That colonial system all Western Europe had contributed to build. Even before the discovery of Amer- 1419. ica, Portugal had reached Madeira and the Azores, the 1448. Cape Verd Islands and Congo; within six years after 1449. the discovery of Hayti, the intrepid Vasco de Gama, 1484. following where no European, where none but Africans from Carthage, had preceded, turned the Cape of Good Hope, and arrived at Mozambique; and, passing the Arabian peninsula, landed at Calicut, and made an establishment at Cochin. Within a few short years, the brilliant temerity of Portugal achieved establishments on Western and Eastern Africa, in Arabia and Persia, in Hindostan and the Eastern isles, and in Brazil. The intense application of the system of monopoly, combined with the des
May, 1646 AD (search for this): chapter 2
er, interpreting the sprinkling as a device to kill his child, avenged his affections by the death of the missionary. Still greater was the danger which sprung from the hostility of the tribes towards the French, or towards the nations by whom their envoys were received. A treaty of peace had, indeed, been ratified, and, 1645 for one winter, Algonquins, Wyandots, and Iroquois, 1646 joined in the chase. The wilderness seemed hushed into tranquillity. Negotiations also continued. In May, 1646, Father Jogues, commissioned as an en- 1646 voy, was hospitably received by the Mohawks, and Relation 1647. gained an opportunity of offering the friendship of France to the Onondagas. On his return, his favora- June 27. ble report raised a desire of establishing a permanent mission among the Five Nations; and he himself, the only one who knew their dialect, was selected as its founder. Ibo, et non redibo—I shall go, but shall Oct. never return—were his words of farewell. Immediatel
August, 1646 AD (search for this): chapter 2
ng all the night long. The shades of our braves that have fallen in war, have gone so deep into the earth that they never can be heard calling for revenge.—I place a stone on their graves, said Pieskaret, that no one may move their bones. With greater sincerity, the Abenakis of Maine, touched by the charities of Silleri, had solicited missionaries. Conversion to Catholic Christianity would establish their warlike tribes as a wakeful barrier 1646 Aug. 29. against New England; and, in August, 1646, Father Gabriel Dreuillettes, first of Europeans, made the long Relation 1647, p. 176 to 193. and painful journey from the St. Lawrence to the sources of the Kennebec, and, descending that stream to its mouth, in a bark canoe continued his roamings on the open sea along the coast. The cross was already planted there,—raised by the disciples of St. Francis of Assisi over their humble lodge near the Chap. XX.} mouth of the Penobscot. After a short welcome, the earnest apostle returned
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