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1712 AD (search for this): chapter 3
oceed. Had we arrived safe at Quebec, wrote the admiral, ten or twelve thousand men must have been left to perish of cold Chap. XXI.} and hunger: by the loss of a part, Providence saved all the rest! and he expected public honors for his suc- 1712. cessful retreat, which to him seemed as glorious as a victory. Walker, 28. Such was the issue of hostilities in the north-east. The failure of the attack on Quebec left Nicholson n option but to retreat, and Montreal also was unmolested. Detroit, though not till the next year, almost 1712. fell before the valor of a party of the Ottagamies, or Foxes—a nation passionate and untamable, springing up into new life from every defeat, and, though reduced in the number of their warriors, yet present every where by their ferocious enterprise and savage Charlevoix, II. 365-372. daring. Resolving to burn Detroit, they pitched their Cass. Lanman's Michigan. lodgings near the fort, which Du Buisson, with but twenty Frenchmen, defended.
1713 AD (search for this): chapter 3
1689. Aug. 22. land gave no other reply than that it was his will, and Heeren, i 349. that he had power to make it good. To the tory ministry of Queen Anne belongs the honor of having in serted in the treaties of peace a principle, which, but 1713. for England, would, in that generation, have wanted a vindicator. But truth, once elicited, never dies. Treaty with France, § 17. As it descends through time, it may be transmitted from state to state, from monarch to commonwealth; but its ligho aggressions which led to a war; they incensed Spain, so that she could wish to see the great colonial system impaired, if by that means she Chap. XXI.} could revenge herself on England. But the assiento itself was, for English America, the 1713. most weighty result of the negotiations at Utrecht. It was demanded by St. John, in 1711; and Louis XIV. promised his good offices to procure this advantage for Cooke's Bolingbroke, i. 175. the English. Her Britannic majesty did offer and und
June, 1711 AD (search for this): chapter 3
s ambition. Writing brilliant treatises on philosophy, he fretted at the bit which curbed his passions; and, from the unsettled character of his mind, though rapid in appropriating a scheme, he could neither inspire confidence, nor enjoy internal calm, nor arrange an enterprise with method. Capable of energy and present activity, he had no soundness of judgment, nor power of combination. Such was the statesman who planned the conquest of Canada. As that whole design, wrote St. John, in June, 1711, was formed by me, and the management of it singly <*> Cor i 161. carried on by me, I have a sort of paternal concern for the success of it. The fleet, consisting of fifteen ships-of-war and Chap. XXI.} forty transports, was placed under the command of Sir Hovenden Walker; the seven veteran regiments from 1711 Marlborough's army, with a battalion of marines, were intrusted to Mrs. Masham's second brother, whom the queen had pensioned and made a brigadier-general,— whom his bottle com
December 10th (search for this): chapter 3
tablished; and in France a medal commemorated the successes of Chap. XXI.} Louis XIV. in the New World. The New England ships, on their return, were scattered by storms: of one, bearing sixty men, wrecked on Anticosti, five of the few who did not perish from the winter, boldest of navigators, landed in Boston in the following May, after a voyage of forty-four days in a skiff. Sir William Phipps reached home in November. The treasury was empty. Considering the present poverty of 1690 Dec. 10. the country, and, through scarcity of money, the want of an adequate measure of commerce, issues of bills of credit were authorized, in notes from five shillings to five pounds, to be in value equal to money, and accepted in all public payments. But, as confidence wavered, the bills of the colony, which continued to be issued, were made, in all payments, a legal tender, and, instead of bearing interest, were received at the treasury at five per cent. advance. Repulsed from Canada, the
December 7th (search for this): chapter 3
t, as it proved, for its own benefit, but rather as the trustee for the infant nation by which it was one day to be inherited. It was at this time that Bienville received the me- 1699 morial of French Protestants to be allowed, under French sovereignty, and in the enjoyment of freedom of conscience, to plant the banks of the Mississippi. The king, answered Pontchartrain at Paris, has not driven Protestants from France to make a republic of them in America; and D'Iberville returned from Dec. 7. Europe with projects far unlike the peaceful pursuits of agriculture. First came the occupation of the Mis- 1700 Jan. 17. sissippi, by a fortress built on its bank, on a point elevated above the marshes, not far from the sea, soon to he abandoned. In February, Tonti came down from the Illinois; and, under his guidance, the brothers Chap XXI.} D'Iberville and Bienville ascended the Great River, 1700. and made peace between the Oumas and the Bayagoulas. Among the Natchez, the Great Sun
December 14th (search for this): chapter 3
o doubt that the inhabitants spoke a dialect Mills, 223. of the language of the Muskhogees. They had already Hewatt. learned the use of horses and of beeves, which multi- Ramsay. plied without care in their groves. At sunrise, on the fourteenth of December, the bold adventurers reached Dec. 14. the strong place of Ayavalla. Beaten back from the assault with loss, they succeeded in setting fire to the church, which adjoined the fort. A barefoot friar, the only white man, came forward to bDec. 14. the strong place of Ayavalla. Beaten back from the assault with loss, they succeeded in setting fire to the church, which adjoined the fort. A barefoot friar, the only white man, came forward to beg mercy; more than a hundred women and children, and more than fifty warriors, were taken and kept as prisoners for the slave market. On the next morning, the Spanish commander 15. on the bay, with twenty-three soldiers and four hundred Indians, gave battle, and was defeated; but the Spanish fort was too strong to be carried by storm. The tawny chief of Ivitachma compounded for peace 17. with the plate of his church and ten horses laden with provisions. Five other towns submitted without
May 9th (search for this): chapter 3
u, that bear the name of Iberville, mark the route of his return, through the lakes which he named Maurepas and Pontchartrain, to the bay which he called St. Louis. At the head of the Bay of Biloxi, on a sandy shore, under a burning sun, he erected the fort which, with its four May bastions and twelve cannon, was to be the sign of French jurisdiction over the territory from near the Rio del Norte to the confines of Pensacola. While D'Iberville himself sailed for France, his two brothers, May 9 Sauvolle and Bienville, were left in command of the station, round which the few colonists were planted. Thus began the commonwealth of Mississippi. Prosperity was impossible; hope could not extend beyond a compromise with the Spaniards on its flank, and the Indian tribes around,—with the sands, which it was vain to till, and the burning sun, that may have made the emigrants sigh for the cool breezes of Hudson's Bay. Yet there were gleams of light: the white men from Carolina, allies of t
February 27th (search for this): chapter 3
ds being found too shallow, the larger ship from the station of St. Domingo returned, and the frigates anchored near the groups of the Chandeleur, while D'Iberville with his people erected huts on Ship Island, and made the discovery of the River Pascagoula and the tribes of Biloxi. The next day, a party of Bayagoulas, from the Mississippi, passed by: they were warriors returning from an inroad into the land of the Indians of Mobile. In two barges, D'Iberville and his brother Bienville, Feb. 27. with a Franciscan, who had been a companion to La Salle, and with forty-eight men, set forth to seek the Chap XXI.} Mississippi. Floating trees, and the turbid aspect of 1699 the waters, guided to its mouth. On the second day in March, they entered the mighty river, and ascended to the village of the Bayagoulas—a tribe which then dwelt on its western bank, just below the River Iherville, worshipping, it was said, an opossum for their manitou, and preserving in their temple an undying
September 18th (search for this): chapter 3
separate from the world, at the castle of St. Loo; he still rallied new alliances, governed the policy of Schlosser, i. 40, 41. Europe, and, as to territory, shaped the destinies of America. In the midst of negotiations, James II. died 1701. Sept. 18. at St. Germain; and Louis roused the nationality of England by recognizing the son of the royal exile as the legitimate king of Great Britain. Thus the war for the balance of power, for colonial territory, and for commercial advantages, becamecessful expedition against 1710. Acadia took place. At the instance of Nicholson, who had been in England for that purpose, and under his command, six English vessels, joined by thirty of New England, and four New England regiments, sailed in Sept. 18-29. September from Boston. In six days, the fleet anchored before the fortress of Port Royal. The garrison of Subercase, the French governor, was weak and disheartened, and could not be rallied; murmurs and desertions multiplied: the terms of
March 2nd (search for this): chapter 3
ississipi. As to limits in Western New York, Callieres, becoming governor-general, still proposed to the French minister to assert French jurisdiction over the land of the Iroquois, or, at least, to establish its neutrality. The question remained undecided, and, through the 1701 Five Nations, England shared in the Indian trade of the west; but France kept the mastery of the great lakes, and De Callieres resolved on founding an establishment at Detroit. The Five Nations, by their dep- March 2. uties, remonstrated, but in vain; and, in the month of June, 1701, De la Motte Cadillac, with a Jesuit mis- Charlevoix, II. 284. sionary and one hundred Frenchmen, was sent to take possession of Detroit. This is the oldest permanent settlement in Michigan. That commonwealth began to be colonized before even Georgia; it is the oldest, therefore, of all the inland states, except, perhaps, Illinois. The country on the Detroit River and Lake St. Clair was esteemed the loveliest in Canada;
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