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Adam Smith (search for this): chapter 23
a dependent tenantry, or in the boroughs by close corporations, voted to enforce the tax, the mind of Scotland was as much at variance with its pretended representatives in parliament, as the intelligence of France was in antagonism to the monarchy of Louis XV. Hutcheson, the reforming moralist of the north, had, as we have seen, declared as an axiom in ethics, the right of colonies to be independent when able to take care of themselves; David Hume confessed himself at heart a republican; Adam Smith, at Glasgow, was teaching the youth of Scotland the natural right of industry to freedom; Reid was constructing a system of philosophy, based upon the development and freedom of the active powers of man; and now, at the relenting of the House of Com- chap. XXIII} 1766. Feb. mons concerning the Stamp Act, I rejoice, said Robertson, the illustrious historian, I rejoice, from my love of the human species, that a million of men in America have some chance of running the same great career whi
William Pitt (search for this): chapter 23
presented the subject to the consideration of the house. The questions of greatest interest asked of him related to the possibility of carrying the Stamp Act into effect, and to the difference laid down by so many of the Americans, and adopted by Pitt, in the House of Commons, and by Camden in the House of Lords,—between internal taxes and taxes laid as regulations of commerce. Grenville and his friends, and Charles Townshend, who had carefully considered the decisive resolutions that marked tle is reported as saying in the House of Commons, I rejoice in the hiss. Walpole is not to be implicitly relied upon; but such exact references to what passed publicly, and to what was said in the House of Commons, seem worthy of credit. But when Pitt appeared, the whole crowd reverently pulled off their hats; and the applauding joy uttered around him, touched him with tender and lively delight. Many followed his chair home with benedictions. He felt no illness after his immense fatigue. I
Gilmore (search for this): chapter 23
rought to Caesar through riot and sedition. H. Hammersley to Sharpe. Between one and two o'clock on the morning of the twenty-second of February, the division took place. Only a few days before, Bedford had confidently predicted the defeat of the ministry. The king, the queen, the princess dowager, the Duke of York, Lord Bute desired it. The scanty remains of the old tories; all the followers of Bedford and Grenville; the king's friends; every Scottish member, except Sir Alexander Gilmore and George Dempster; Lord George Sack chap XXIII.} 1766. Feb. ville, whom this ministry had restored, and brought into office; Oswald, Sackville's colleague as vicetrea-surer for Ireland; Barrington, the paymaster of the navy, were all known to be in the opposition. The lobbies Edmund Burke. were crammed with upwards of three hundred men, representing the trading interests of the nation, trembling and anxious, and waiting almost till the winter morning's return of light, to learn the
Garth (search for this): chapter 23
ith tact and gentleness. The coalition was, for the moment, thoroughly defeated; and at last the house, with considerable unanimity, contented itself with changing the proposition of the ministry into a resolution, declaratory of its opinion. Garth to S. Carolina, 9 Feb., 1766. It was known that the House of Lords would nevertheless persevere; and on Thursday, the sixth, it attracted the world Chatham Corr. II., 376. The letter is strangely misdated. Its true date is 6 Feb. to witd to the bar of the House of Commons. The occasion found him full of hope and courage, having for his interrogators, Grenville and Charles Townshend, as well as the friends of the administration; and the House of Commons for intent listeners. Garth to South Carolina. Choiseul, too, was sure to learn and to weigh all that Franklin uttered. In answer to questions, Franklin declared that America could not pay the Stamp Tax, for want of gold and silver, and from want of post-roads and means
Rockingham (search for this): chapter 23
y already had a majority of votes in the House of Lords. The next morning, Rockingham and Grafton; much irritated at this usage, went to court and proposed the remon of its co-ordinate authority. Once more, on the morning of the seventh, Rockingham, forgetting alike the principles of the old whig party and of the British conlaimed for their side the name of the king, whose opinions they declared that Rockingham had falsified. The irritated chief summoned the author of the rumor to meet th, who at that moment was in the antechamber, and received the, account from Rockingham on his coming out from the king. Compare Albemarle, i. 301. two or three times each, to reconcile the seeming contradiction. For fear of mistakes, Rockingham wrote with a pencil these words: Lord Rockingham was authorized by his majesty, on heretofore, for modification. King to Rockingham in Albemarble, i. 302. So Rockingham was disavowed, and the opposition declared more than ever that the ministers
Charles Jenkinson (search for this): chapter 23
fighting men. If they did not repeal the act, France and Spain would declare war, and protect the Americans. The colonies, too, would set up manufactories of their own. Why then risk the whole for so trifling an object as this act modified? Jenkinson, on the other side, moved, instead of the repeal, a modification of the Stamp Act; insisting that the total repeal, demanded as it was with menaces of resistance, would be the overthrow of British authority in America. In reply to Jenkinson, EJenkinson, Edmund Burke spoke in a manner unusual in the house; fresh, as from a full mind, connecting the argument for repeal with a new kind of political philosophy. About eleven, Pitt rose. With suavity of manner he conciliated the wavering by allowing good ground for their apprehensions; but calmly, and with consummate and persuasive address, De Guerchy, 23 Feb. he argued for the repeal, with eloquence which expressed conviction, and which yet could not have offended even the sensitive self-lov
George Sackville (search for this): chapter 23
bruary, the division took place. Only a few days before, Bedford had confidently predicted the defeat of the ministry. The king, the queen, the princess dowager, the Duke of York, Lord Bute desired it. The scanty remains of the old tories; all the followers of Bedford and Grenville; the king's friends; every Scottish member, except Sir Alexander Gilmore and George Dempster; Lord George Sack chap XXIII.} 1766. Feb. ville, whom this ministry had restored, and brought into office; Oswald, Sackville's colleague as vicetrea-surer for Ireland; Barrington, the paymaster of the navy, were all known to be in the opposition. The lobbies Edmund Burke. were crammed with upwards of three hundred men, representing the trading interests of the nation, trembling and anxious, and waiting almost till the winter morning's return of light, to learn their fate from the resolution of the house. Presently it was announced that two hundred and seventy five had voted for the repeal of the act, agai
King (search for this): chapter 23
ion. For fear of mistakes, Rockingham wrote with a pencil these words: Lord Rockingham was authorized by his majesty, on Friday last, to say that his majesty was for the repeal. It is very true, said the king, as he read the paper; but I must make an addition to it; upon which he took a pen, and wrote at the end of it, the conversation having been only concerning that or enforcing. He added, I desire you would tell Lord Strange, that I am now, and have been heretofore, for modification. King to Rockingham in Albemarble, i. 302. So Rockingham was disavowed, and the opposition declared more than ever that the ministers counterfeited as well as prostituted the sentiments of the king, whose unwritten word they would not trust, Lloyd's Conduct, &c., 134. and whose written word convicted them of falsehood. On the same day, Bedford and Grenville went to an interview with Bute, whom they had so hated and chap. XXIII.} 1766. Feb. wronged. It was a proud moment for Bute, to find h
Bedford (search for this): chapter 23
ion took place. Only a few days before, Bedford had confidently predicted the defeat of the ministry. The king, the queen, the princess dowager, the Duke of York, Lord Bute desired it. The scanty remains of the old tories; all the followers of Bedford and Grenville; the king's friends; every Scottish member, except Sir Alexander Gilmore and George Dempster; Lord George Sack chap XXIII.} 1766. Feb. ville, whom this ministry had restored, and brought into office; Oswald, Sackville's colleaguefeeling, rejoiced that he was not the eldest-born, but could serve his country in the House of Commons, like his father. At the palace, the king treated with great coolness all his servants who voted for the repeal. We have been beaten, said Bedford to the French minister, but we have made a gallant fight of it. If the Scottish members, elected as they then were by a dependent tenantry, or in the boroughs by close corporations, voted to enforce the tax, the mind of Scotland was as much a
Mars (search for this): chapter 23
falsehood. On the same day, Bedford and Grenville went to an interview with Bute, whom they had so hated and chap. XXIII.} 1766. Feb. wronged. It was a proud moment for Bute, to find his aid solicited by his bitterest personal enemies. He desired that the past might be buried in oblivion, and that all honest men might unite; but he refused to enter upon any conference on the subject of a new administration, however much the other two wished to do so. De Guerchy au Duc de Praslin, 3 Mars. The Duke of York interposed his offices, and bore to the king the Duke of Bedford's readiness to receive the royal commands, should his majesty be inclined to pursue the modification, instead of the total repeal of the Stamp Act. Bedford Corr. III. 329. But the king, who was resolved not to receive Grenville again as his chief minister, disregarded the offer. So the measures of the ministry proceeded. Such were the auspices, when on Thursday, the thirteenth day of February, Benjamin
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