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om they should next elect for Speaker, and to dissolve the Assembly in case they should question the right of such negative. Hillsborough to Habersham, 4 Dec. 1771, and 7 August, 1772. The affections of South Carolina were still more 1772. Jan. thoroughly alienated. Its public men were ruled by their sense of honor, and felt a stain upon it as a wound. A Carolinian in the time of Lyttleton, had been abruptly dismissed from the King's Council; and from that day it became the pride of naby patent for the whole; and had offered to establish salaries for the Judges, if the Commissions of those Judges were but made permanent as in England. At last, in 1769, trusting to the honor of the Crown, they voted perpe- Chap. XLVII.} 1772. Jan. tual grants of salaries. When this was done, Rawlins Lowndes and others, their own judges, taken from among themselves, were dismissed; and an Irishman, a Scotchman, and a Welshman were sent over by Hillsborough to take their places. Compare L
. and the malice of his enemies rendered him still dearer to the people. The Legislature was for the fourth year, convened June. at Cambridge; but the Governor had grown weary of his pretensions, and with a very ill grace, against his declared purpose, adjourned the session to the accustomed House in Boston. The long altercation on that subject subsided; but the system of British supremacy was sure to produce new collisions. Inhabitants of Providence, in Rhode Island, had in the last March, complained to the Deputy Governor of the conduct of Lieutenant Dudingston, Commander of the Gaspee, who obstructed their vessels and boats, without showing any evidence of his authority. Hopkins, the Chief Justice, on being consulted, gave the opinion, that any person who should come into the Colony and exercise any authority by force of arms, without showing his commission to the Governor, and if a Custom House officer, without being sworn into his office, was guilty of a trespass, if not
. Dudings- Chap. XLVII.} 1772. June. ton seconded the insolence of his superior officer, insulted the inhabitants, plundered the islands of sheep and hogs, cut down trees, fired at market boats, detained vessels without a colorable pretext, and made illegal seizures of goods of which the recovery cost more than they were worth Gov. Wanton to Sec. of State, 16 June, 1772. Statements of Darius Sessions and Chief Justice Hopkins to Chief Justice Horsmanden in January, 1773. On the ninth of June, the Providence Packet was returning to Providence, and proud of its speed, went gayly on, heedless of the Gaspee. Dudingston gave chase. The tide being at flood, the Packet ventured near shore; the Gaspee confidently followed; and drawing more water ran aground on Nauquit, a little below Pantuxet. The following night a party of men in six or seven boats, led by John Brown and Joseph Brown of Providence, and Simeon Potter of Bristol, boarded the stranded schooner, after a scuffle in w
a little below Pantuxet. The following night a party of men in six or seven boats, led by John Brown and Joseph Brown of Providence, and Simeon Potter of Bristol, boarded the stranded schooner, after a scuffle in which Dudingston was wounded, took and landed its crew, and then set it on fire. Lieutenant Dudingston to Admiral Montagu, 12 June, 1772; William Checkley to Commissioner of Customs, 12 June, 1772; Governor Wanton to Hillsborough, 16 June, 1772; Admiral Montagu to Hillsborough, 12 June and 11 July, 1772; Deposition of Aaron, a negro, 11 July, 1772; Letter of Charles Dudley, 23 July, 1772. The whole was conducted on a sudden impulse; Representation to the King of the Commissioners of Inquiry, 22 June, 1773. yet Sandwich who was spoken of for the place of Colonial Secretary of State, resolved never to leave pursuing the Colony of Rhode Island, until its Charter should be taken away. Hutchinson to Samuel Hood, 2 Sept. 1772. Remembrancer for 1776, II. 60. A few punishe
t to the Charter and the laws. The Protest had hardly been adopted, when the July. application of its doctrines became necessary. The Commissioners of the Customfrom the colonial income tax; and Hillsborough, disregard- Chap. XLVII.} 1771. July. ing a usage of more than fifty years, commanded the compliance of the legislatuevied and extorted from those, who, if they have property, Chap. XLVII.} 1771. July. have a right to the absolute disposal of it. To withhold your assent to this bind Franklin foretold a bloody struggle, in which America's Chap. XLVII.} 1771. July. growing strength and magnitude, B. Franklin to Committee of Correspondence i county in Great Britain. Of this statute, which violated every safeguard of July. justice and might be still more mischievous as a precedent, the Assembly of Masd was so resolved, that a Governor who like Hutchinson was Chap. XLVII.} 1772. July. not dependent on the people for support, was not such a Governor as the people
xed as much as they, so that it did not even appear that any regard was had to their salaries. Hutchinson to——, Boston, 17 July, 1771. Paxton's provincial tax for all his personal estate and all his income, was for the last year less than three pounds sterling; and what he paid to the town and county not much more. Hutchinson to——, 19 July, 1771. And to defeat this little tax, in itself so reasonable, so consonant to usage, and in its apportionment so forbearing, Hutchinson, on the fourth of July, greatly against his own judgment, negatived the Bill, and declared his obligation under his instructions to negative any other, drawn in the same usual terms. The stopping supplies by a veto of the Crown was unknown in England; an order from the King to exempt special individuals from their share of taxation was unconstitutional; the exemption, if submitted to by the Assembly, would have been an acquiescence in an unwarrantable instruction; and a formal recognition of the system of
Act of Parliament. They regarded the Charter as a most solemn compact, which bound them to Great Britain. By that Charter they held, they were to have a Governor and Judges, over whom the power of the King was protected by the right of nomination, the power of the Colony by the exclusive right of providing support. These views were embodied Hutchinson's History, III. 358. by Hawley in a Report to the Assembly, Report and Resolutions of 10 July, 1772; in Bradford, 325 and on the tenth of July, adopted by a vote of eighty-five to nineteen. It followed, and was so resolved, that a Governor who like Hutchinson was Chap. XLVII.} 1772. July. not dependent on the people for support, was not such a Governor as the people had consented to, at the granting of the Charter; the House most solemnly protested that the innovation was an im portant change of the Constitution, and exposed the Province to a despotic administration of Government. The inference was unavoidable. If the prin
nd August 5, 1771; probably written early in August, 1771. At least his intrepidity could not be Aug. questioned. His language became more explicit as danger drew nearer. In August, Boston saw in iAugust, Boston saw in its harbor twelve vessels of war, carrying more than two hundred and sixty guns, commanded by Mon. tagu, the brother of Sandwich. Boston Gazette, 19 Aug. 1771. Yet there was no one salient wrongn to Secretary John Pownall, 21 July, 1772; in Remembrancer, 1776, II. 57. The Secretary, on his Aug. part, was proceeding with eager haste to carry Townshend's system into effect; and on the sevenththe King's pleasure, stipendiaries of the Crown, was selected as the crisis Chap. XLVII.} 1772. Aug. of revolution. Meantime Hillsborough was left with few supporters except the herd of flattererfor the Western Province should never be sealed; and the amiable Dartmouth, Chap. XLVII.} 1772. Aug. who became Secretary for the Colonies, had been taught to believe, Compare Dartmouth to Hutchi
August 7th (search for this): chapter 24
lonies, Hutchinson sent word to Hillsborough, that if the nation would arouse and unite in measures to retain the Colonies in subordination, all this new doctrine of independence would be disavowed, and its first inventors be sacrificed to the rage of the people whom they had deluded. Hutchinson to Secretary John Pownall, 21 July, 1772; in Remembrancer, 1776, II. 57. The Secretary, on his Aug. part, was proceeding with eager haste to carry Townshend's system into effect; and on the seventh of August, he announced, that the King, with the entire concurrence of Lord North, Compare Hillsborough to Hutchinson, 6 June, 1772. had made provision for the support of his law servants in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Hillsborough to Lords of Trade, 27 July, 1772, and to Hutchinson, 7 August, 1772. It was almost a special provision for Hutchinson's family. It marks the character of the people, that this act, constituting judges, who held their offices at the King's pleasure, stip
outhern Governors felt no alarm. Eden from Maryland congratulated Hillsborough, on the return of confidence and harmony. Robert Eden to Hillsborough, 4 August, 1771. The people, thus Johnson, the Agent of Connecticut wrote after his return home, appear to be weary of their altercations with the Mother Country; a little discreet conduct on both sides, would perfectly reestablish that warm affection and respect towards Great Britain, for which this country was once so Chap. XLVII.} 1771. Sept. Remarkable. W. S. Johnson to Alexander Wedderburn, 25 Oct. 1771. Hutchinson, too, reported a disposition in all the Colonies to let the controversy with the kingdom subside. Hutchinson to Gov Pownall, 14 October, 1771. The King sent word to tempt Hancock by marks of favor. Hancock and most of the party, said the Governor, are quiet; and all of them, except Adams, abate of their virulence. Adams would push the Continent into a rebellion to-morrow, if it was in his power. Hutchi
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