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South Carolina (South Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
ear perception of the sublimity of his task. When, in the life of a statesman, were six months of more importance to the race, than these six months in the career of John Adams? On resuming his seat, he found a change in the delegation of South Carolina. That province had sent to Philadelphia a vessel not larger than a pilot boat, for Gadsden, who held the highest rank in their army: at the risk of capture, the patriot embarked in January; fought his way through the ice in the Delaware, andd his disposition towards the people of America is more unrelenting and malignant, than was that of Pharaoh towards the Israelites in Egypt. No foreign power can consistently yield comfort to rebels, or enter into any kind of treaty with these colonies, till they declare themselves independent. Yet Dickinson and others, among whom were found William Livingston of New Jersey, and the elder Laurens of South Carolina, wished to make no such declaration before an alliance with the king of France.
North Carolina (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
ir army: at the risk of capture, the patriot embarked in January; fought his way through the ice in the Delaware, and against headwinds at sea; escaped the British cruisers only by running the small craft in which he sailed upon the sands of North Carolina, Chap. LX.} 1776. Feb. and continuing his journey through Georgetown to Charleston by land, encouraged all who came round him on the way to demand independence. To aid in forming a new government, the elder Rutledge had preceded him, leavinenth; and after an able debate, privateers were authorized to cruise against ships and their cargoes belonging to any inhabitant, not of Ireland or the West Indies, but of Great Britain, by the vote of all New England, New York, Virginia, and North Carolina, against Pennsylvania and Maryland. The other colonies were not sufficiently represented to give their voices. On the nineteenth, Wythe, with Jay and Wilson, was appointed to prepare a preamble to the resolutions. Wythe found himself in
Rockingham, N. C. (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
el Adams proposed to take up the question of lengthening the time of enlistments, which had originally been limited from the hope of a speedy reconciliation. Some members would not yet admit the thought of a protracted war; some rested hope on Rockingham and Chatham; some wished first to ascertain the powers of the coming commissioners; some wished to wait for an explicit declaration from France; from the revolution of 1688 opposition to a standing army had been the watchword of liberty; the Neh of March a committee of the whole considered the propriety of authorizing the inhabitants of the colonies to fit out privateers. Again it appeared that there were those who still listened to the hope of relief Chap. LX.} 1776. Mar. through Rockingham, or of redress through the royal commissioners, though the act of parliament conferred on them no power but to pardon. On the other hand, Franklin wished that the measure should be preceded by a declaration of war, as of one independent nation
Tennessee (Tennessee, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
recalled him to civil life; in the judgment of Washington, Mercer would have supplied the place well; but he was a native of Scotland; so the choice fell upon Andrew Lewis, whose courage Washington did not question, but who still suffered from the odium thrown upon his conduct at Kanawha, where he had lingered in his camp, while the officers and men, whom he sent forth, with fearless gallantry Chap. LX.} 1776. Mar. and a terrible loss of life, shed over Virginia a lustre that reached to Tennessee and Kentucky. Congress soon repented of its election; and in less than a year forced Lewis to resign, by promoting an officer of very little merit over his head. To meet the expenses of the war, four millions of dollars in bills were ordered to be struck; which, with six millions already issued, would form a paper currency of ten millions. A few days later a committee of seven, including Duane and Robert Morris, was appointed on the ways and means of raising the supplies for the year,
Providence, R. I. (Rhode Island, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
h instructions from his constituents to establish liberty in America upon a permanent basis. His nature was robust and manly; now he was in the happiest mood of mind for asserting the independence of his country. He had confidence in the ability of New England to drive away their enemy; in Washington, as a brave and prudent commander; in his wife, who cheered him with the fortitude of womanly heroism; in the cause of his country, which seemed so bound up with the welfare of mankind, that Providence could not suffer its defeat; in himself, for his convictions were clear, his will fixed, and his mind prepared to let his little property and his life go, sooner than the rights of his country. Looking into himself he saw weaknesses enough; but neither meanness, nor dishonesty, nor timidity. His overweening self-esteem was his chief blemish; Chap. LX.} 1776. Feb. and if he compared himself with his great fellow laborers, there was some point on which he was superior to any one of the
Halifax (Canada) (search for this): chapter 20
t. His narrow breast had no room for the large counsels of true wisdom; and he urged upon every individual and every body of men over whom he had any influence the necessity of making terms of accommodation with Great Britain. In this way he dulled the resentment of the people, and paralyzed the manly impulse of self-sacrificing courage. The royalists shored up his declining importance, and, in their name, Inglis of New York, for a time rector of Trinity church and afterwards bishop of Nova Scotia, one of the bitterest of partisans, publicly burned incense to his native candor, his unbounded benevolence, his acknowledged humanity, his exalted virtue, as the illustrious defender of the constitution against the syren form of Chap. LX.} 1776. Apr. independence. Robert Morris, an Englishman by birth and in part by education, was a merchant of vast designs, and was indefatigable in the pursuit of gain; but he brought to the American cause courage and weight of character, a masterly
Massachusetts (Massachusetts, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
moderate among his friends; but that province had, for the time, like Pennsylvania, yielded to proprietary influences; and its convention looked with distrust upon John Adams as biassed in favor of revolution by the office of chief justice of Massachusetts, to which he had unexpectedly been chosen. Yet while the members of congress stammered in their utterance, they listened with disgust to Wilson, when, on the thirteenth of February, he presented a very long, ill written draught of an addressfter diligent search I cannot find that the document met with any notice whatever from the continental congress, which scrupulously reserved to the several colonies the modification of their internal policy. In several of them, especially in Massachusetts, in New Jersey, and in Pennsylvania, opinion was fully formed against slavery, so that on a declaration of independence it would surely be speedily abolished; but the opportunity of calm legislation was waited for. Letters to members of co
France (France) (search for this): chapter 20
me wished first to ascertain the powers of the coming commissioners; some wished to wait for an explicit declaration from France; from the revolution of 1688 opposition to a standing army had been the watchword of liberty; the New England colonies hafrom the committee of Chap. LX.} 1776. Mar. secret correspondence an appointment as commercial commissioner and agent to France. That country, the committee instructed him to say, is pitched upon for the first application, from an opinion that if we should, as there is appearance we shall, come to a total separation with Great Britain, France would be the power whose friendship it would be fittest for us to obtain and cultivate. The announcement was coupled with a request for clothing and armies, till they declare themselves independent. Yet Dickinson and others, among whom were found William Livingston of New Jersey, and the elder Laurens of South Carolina, wished to make no such declaration before an alliance with the king of France.
Gadsden (Alabama, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
humanity, the age, the hour, demanded that the right should be spoken out, his high excitement had not the air of passion, but appeared, as it was, the clear perception of the sublimity of his task. When, in the life of a statesman, were six months of more importance to the race, than these six months in the career of John Adams? On resuming his seat, he found a change in the delegation of South Carolina. That province had sent to Philadelphia a vessel not larger than a pilot boat, for Gadsden, who held the highest rank in their army: at the risk of capture, the patriot embarked in January; fought his way through the ice in the Delaware, and against headwinds at sea; escaped the British cruisers only by running the small craft in which he sailed upon the sands of North Carolina, Chap. LX.} 1776. Feb. and continuing his journey through Georgetown to Charleston by land, encouraged all who came round him on the way to demand independence. To aid in forming a new government, the e
Rhode Island (Rhode Island, United States) (search for this): chapter 20
of domesticity, dependent for culture, employment, and support on a superior race; and it was then the prevailing opinion, especially in Virginia, that the total prohibition of the slave trade would, at no very distant day, be followed by universal emancipation. The first who, as far as appears, suggested that negroes might be emancipated and a public provision be made to transport them to Africa, where they might probably live better than in any other country, was Samuel Hopkins, of Rhode Island, a divine, who Chap. LX.} 1776. Apr. taught that, through divine interposition, sin is an advantage to the universe; a firm believer in the coming of the millennium; a theorist of high ideal conceptions, who held virtue to require more than disinterested love, a love that is willing to make a sacrifice of itself. Writing in a town which had grown rich by the slave trade, he addressed a long and elaborate memorial to the members of the continental congress, entreating them to be the happ
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