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Bourbon (search for this): chapter 13
g that supplies might be carried to Gibraltar, Spain had given an order to bring into Cadiz all neutral ships bound with provisions for the Mediterranean, and to sell their cargoes to the highest bidder. In the last part of the year 1779, the order was applied to the Concordia, a Russian vessel carrying wheat to Barcelona. Harris, who received the news in advance, hurried to Potemkin with a paper in which he proved from this example what terrible things might be expected from the house of Bourbon if they should acquire maritime superiority. On reading this paragraph, Potemkin 1780. cried out with an oath: You have got her now. The empress abhors the inquisition, and will never suffer its precepts to be exercised on the high seas. On the confirmation of the report, a strong memorial was drawn up under the inspection of the empress herself, and a reference to the just reproaches of the courts of Madrid and Versailles against Great Britain for troubling the liberty of commerce was a
England Dutch (search for this): chapter 13
ich voted for unlimited convoy. In the states of Holland it was carried for all merchant vessels destined to the ports of France by a great majority, Rotterdam and the other chief cities joining Amsterdam, and the nobles being equally divided; but the states-general, in which Zeeland took the lead, and was followed by Gelderland, Groningen, and Overyssel, from motives of prudence rejected the resolution. Notwithstanding this moderation, a memorial from the British ambassador announced that Dutch vessels, carrying timber to ports of France, as by treaty with England they had the right to do, would be seized even though escorted by ships of war. Indignation within the provinces at the want of patriotism in the prince of Orange menaced the prerogatives of the stadholder and even the union itself. On one occasion five towns went so far as to vote in the states of Holland for withholding the quota of their province. Thulemeier to Frederic, 10 Aug., 1779. Great Britain next adopte
Concordia (search for this): chapter 13
sation; and the conduct of the Dutch was watched with the intensest curiosity. Swart, minister at Petersburg, to the states-general, 1 and 4 Feb., 1780. But another power beside England had disturbed neutral rights. Fearing that supplies might be carried to Gibraltar, Spain had given an order to bring into Cadiz all neutral ships bound with provisions for the Mediterranean, and to sell their cargoes to the highest bidder. In the last part of the year 1779, the order was applied to the Concordia, a Russian vessel carrying wheat to Barcelona. Harris, who received the news in advance, hurried to Potemkin with a paper in which he proved from this example what terrible things might be expected from the house of Bourbon if they should acquire maritime superiority. On reading this paragraph, Potemkin 1780. cried out with an oath: You have got her now. The empress abhors the inquisition, and will never suffer its precepts to be exercised on the high seas. On the confirmation of the r
John Adams (search for this): chapter 13
their selfish executive and the consequent want of unity of action. In April, 1778, the American commissioners at April 28 Paris,—Franklin, Arthur Lee, and John Adams,—in a letter to the grand pensionary, van Bleiswijck, proposed a good understanding and commerce between the two nations, and promised to communicate to the sta 23 Sept., 1778, in Dip. Cor., i. 457. To get rid of everything of which England could Sept. complain, the offer made in April by Franklin, Arthur Lee, and John Adams, to negotiate a treaty of commerce between America and the Netherlands, together with a copy of the commercial treaty between the United States and France, was,nd the Netherlands to unite with her in supporting the rules which she had proclaimed. The voice of the United States on the subject was uttered immediately by John Adams. He applauded the justice, the wisdom, and the humanity of an association of maritime powers against violences at sea, and added as his advice to Congress: The
Bernstorff (search for this): chapter 13
congress. In spite of the stadholder, the squadron enjoyed the protection of a neutral port. Under an antedated commission from the French king, the flag of France was raised over the two prizes and every ship but the Alliance; and four days before the end of the year Paul Jones, with his Eng- Dec. 27. lish captures, left the Texel. An American frigate, near the end of September, had entered the port of Bergen with two rich prizes. Sept. Yielding to the British envoy at Copenhagen, Bernstorff, the Danish minister, seized the occasion to publish an ordinance forbidding the sale of prizes, until they should have been condemned in a court Chap. XII.} 1779. of admiralty of the nation of the privateer; and he slipped into the ordinance the declaration, that, as the king of Denmark had recognised neither the independence nor the flag of America, its vessels could not be suffered to bring their prizes into Danish harbors. The two which had been brought into Bergen were set free; bu
Bleiswijck (search for this): chapter 13
influenced by motives of morality or fidelity to the land in whose army he served, and he was always at the beck of the British ambassador at the Hague. The secretary Fagel was, like his ancestors, devoted to England. The grand pensionary, van Bleiswijck, had been the selection of Prince Louis. He was a weak politician, and inclined to England, but never meant to betray his country. Thus all the principal executive officers were attached to Great Britain; Prince Louis and the secretary Fanimity; but they were betrayed by their selfish executive and the consequent want of unity of action. In April, 1778, the American commissioners at April 28 Paris,—Franklin, Arthur Lee, and John Adams,—in a letter to the grand pensionary, van Bleiswijck, proposed a good understanding and commerce between the two nations, and promised to communicate to the states-general their commercial treaty with France. The Dutch government through all its organs met this only overture of the Americans b
Holland (search for this): chapter 13
ity to fix the attention of Count Panin. Vergennes to Corberon, 22 Nov., 1778, and 6 Dec., 1778. The empress, so he wrote towards the end of the year to the French minister in Russia, will give a great proof of her dignity and equity, if she will make common Chap. XII.} 1778. cause with Sweden, Denmark, Holland, and the king of Prussia. She would render to Europe a great service if she would bring the king of England to juster principles on the freedom of navigation of neutral ships. Holland arms its vessels to convoy its merchant fleet; Denmark announces that in the spring it will send out a squadron for the same object; Sweden will be obliged to take the like resolution. So many arrangements can easily give rise to troublesome incidents, and kindle a general maritime war. It would be easy for the empress to secure the prosperity of the commerce of Russia by supporting with energetic representations those of other neutral nations. In an interview with Panin, the Swedish en
Bylandt (search for this): chapter 13
ed upon. At this the 31. British flagship and two others fired on the Dutch flagship. The ship was hit, but no one was killed or wounded. Let us go down, said the Dutch crews to one another, rather than fall into a shameful captivity. But their admiral, considering that the British force was more than three times greater than his own, after returning the broadside, struck his flag. Account of the Rencontre, le Sieur de Schonberg, lieutenant of marines on board the flagship by of Count de Bylandt. Fielding carried the five merchant ships as prizes into Portsmouth. This outrage on the Netherlands tended to rouse Chap. XII.} 1779. and unite all parties and all provinces. Everywhere in Europe, and especially in Petersburg, it was the subject of conversation; and the conduct of the Dutch was watched with the intensest curiosity. Swart, minister at Petersburg, to the states-general, 1 and 4 Feb., 1780. But another power beside England had disturbed neutral rights. Fearing th
Cromwell (search for this): chapter 13
ged to the enemy, were never confiscated. When the Dutch republic took its place among the powers of the earth, crowned with the honors of martyrdom in the fight against superstition, this daughter of the sea, whose carrying trade exceeded that of any other nation, became the champion of the more humane maritime code, which protected the neutral flag everywhere on the great deep. In the year 1646, these principles were embodied in a commercial treaty between the republic and France. When Cromwell was protector, when Milton was Latin secretary, the rights of neutrals found their just place in the treaties of England, in 1654 with Portugal, in 1655 with France, in 1656 Chap. XII.} with Sweden. After the return of the Stuarts, they were recognised in 1674 in their fullest extent by the commercial convention between England and the Netherlands. In 1689, after the stadholder of the United Provinces had been elected king of England, his overpowering influence drew the Netherlands in
James Harris (search for this): chapter 13
sh vessels bound for Archangel, Panin informed Harris ministerially, that although the vessels whichess and power. When, in the middle of July, Harris presented the Spanish declaration of war againanced the same opinions. Count Panin, wrote Harris, receives every idea from his Prussian Majestynt of the American war to annex the Crimea. Harris professed to believe that for eighty thousand mes of aggrandizement. Without loss of time Harris proposed to Potemkin that the empress should m. The letter was accompanied by a writing from Harris, in which he was lavish of flattery; and he ofrtz, asked playfully: What can have given Sir James Harris the jaundice? Has anything happened to va Russian vessel carrying wheat to Barcelona. Harris, who received the news in advance, hurried to h his messenger immediately with the news. So Harris was made the instrument of communicating to his own request. But before the despatches of Harris were on the road, the conduct of the affair wa[13 more...]
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