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re to Nov 30. their former bills. Addresses were forwarded to the king, urging forbearance; but entreaty and remonstrance were vain. 1684 A scire facias was issued in England; and before the colony could act upon it, just one year and six days after the judgment against the city of London, the charter was conditionally adjudged to be forfeited; and June 18. the judgment was confirmed on the first day of the Michaelmas term. A copy of the judgment was 1685 July 2. received in Boston in July of the following year. Thus fell the charter, which the fleet of Winthrop had brought to the shores of New England, which had been cherished with anxious care through every vicissitude, and on which the fabric of New England liberties had rested. There was now no barrier between the people of Massachusetts and the absolute will of the court of England. Was religion in danger? Was landed property secure? Would commercial enterprise be paralyzed by restrictions? Was New England destined
e rivers that flow into Albemarle Sound. The company was led by Roger Green, and his services were rewarded by the 1653. July. grant of a thousand acres, while ten thousand acres were offered to any hundred persons who would plant on the banks of t Quaker king, the rival of the ancient philosophers, to whom the world had erected statues. The constitutions were 1669, July. signed on the twenty-first of July, 1669; and a commission as governor was issued to William Sayle. In a second draft church remained for a season; while Miller proceeded to the province, in which he was now to hold the triple office 1677. July of president or governor, secretary, and collector. The government had for about a year been left in Chap XIII.} 1677 the shores of Carolina as the refuge where they were assured of favor. Even Shaftesbury, when he was committed to 1681. July. the Tower, desired leave to expatriate himself, and become an inhabitant of Carolina. Lingard's England, XIII. c. VII
ted to enforce taxation without representation. Just then, in April, 1572, a party of the 1572. fugitive beggars succeeded in gaining the harbor of Briel; and in July of the same year, the states of Holland, creating the prince of Orange their stadtholder, prepared to levy money and troops. In 1575 1575. Zealand joined with Home opening north of the Chesapeake. On the thirtieth of May he took in water at the Faro isles, and in Chap. XV.} 1609. was on the track of Frobisher. Early in July, with foremast carried away and canvas rent in a gale, he found himself among fishermen from France on the Banks of Newfoundland. On the eighteenth he entered a vountry safely for William Penn. At last, the West India Company, desiring a barrier against the English on the south, transferred the whole country 1663 Feb. and July. on the Delaware to the city of Amsterdam. The banks of the river from Cape Henlopen to the falls at Trenton, certainly remained under the jurisdiction of the Dut
r Chap XVII.} Sewall, Mss hasty surrender. If Connecticut lost its liberties, the eastern frontier, was depopulated. An expedition against the French establishments, which have left a name to Castine, roused the passions of the neighboring Indians; and Andros, after a short deference to the example of Penn, made a vain pursuit of a retreating enemy, who 1688 had for their powerful allies the savage forests and the inclement winter. Not long after the first excursion to the east, the July. whole seaboard from Maryland to the St. Croix was united in one extensive despotism. The entire dominion, of which Boston, the largest English town in the New World, was the capital, was abandoned to Andros, its governor-general, and to Randolph, its secretary, with his needy associates. But the impoverished country disappointed avarice. The eastern part of Maine had already been pillaged by agents, who had been—it is Randolph's own statement—as arbitrary as the Grand Turk; and in New Yor
obeying the impulse of 1672 May 14. independence, rather than of gratitude, sent deputies to a constituent assembly at Elizabethtown. By that body, Philip Carteret was displaced, and his office transferred to the young and frivolous James Carteret, a natural son of Sir George. The proprietary officers could make no resistance. William Pardon, who withheld the records, June 15. found safety only in flight. Following the advice of the council, after appointing John Berry as his deputy, July 1 Philip Carteret hastened to England, in search of new authority, while the colonists remained in the undisturbed possession of their farms. The liberties of New Jersey did not extend be- 1664 to 1672 yond the Delaware; the settlements in New Netherland, on the opposite bank, consisting chiefly of groups of Dutch round Lewistown and Newcastle, and Swedes and Finns at Christiana Creek, at Chester, and near Philadelphia, were retained as a dependency of New York. The claim of Lord Baltimor
he field of battle With much hypocrisy, his camp was the scene of much real piety; and long afterwards, when his army was disbanded, its members, who, for the most part, were farmers and the sons of farmers, resumed their places among the industrious classes of society; while the soldiers of the royalists were often found in the ranks of vagabonds and beggars. It was the troops of Cromwell that first, in the open field, broke the ranks of the royal squadrons; and the decisive victory 1644. July 2. of Marston Moor was won by the iron energy and valor of the godly saints whom he had enlisted. The final overthrow of the prospects of Charles in 1647. the field, marks the crisis of the struggle for the ascendant between the Presbyterians and Independents. Chap XI.} The former party had its organ in the parliament, the latter in the army, in which the Presbyterian commander had been surprised into a resignation by the self-denying ordinance, and the intrigues of Cromwell. As the dur
eputies consent not, but adhere to Nov 30. their former bills. Addresses were forwarded to the king, urging forbearance; but entreaty and remonstrance were vain. 1684 A scire facias was issued in England; and before the colony could act upon it, just one year and six days after the judgment against the city of London, the charter was conditionally adjudged to be forfeited; and June 18. the judgment was confirmed on the first day of the Michaelmas term. A copy of the judgment was 1685 July 2. received in Boston in July of the following year. Thus fell the charter, which the fleet of Winthrop had brought to the shores of New England, which had been cherished with anxious care through every vicissitude, and on which the fabric of New England liberties had rested. There was now no barrier between the people of Massachusetts and the absolute will of the court of England. Was religion in danger? Was landed property secure? Would commercial enterprise be paralyzed by restrictio
oncert with the national affections, which he was never able to gain. He had just notions of public liberty, and he understood how much the English people are disposed to deify their representatives. Thrice did he attempt to connect his usurpation with the forms of representative government; and always without success. His first parliament, convened by special writ, and mainly composed of the members of the party by which he had been advanced, represented the movement in the English 1653 July 4. mind which had been the cause of the revolution. It indulged in pious ecstasies, laid claim to the special enjoyment of the presence of Jesus Christ, and spent whole days in exhortations and prayers. But the delirium of mysticism was not incompatible with clear notions of policy; and amidst the hyperboles of Oriental diction, they prepared to overthrow despotic power by using the power a despot had conceded. The objects of this assembly were all democratic: it labored to effect a most ra
come for the commission to save our lives from the Indians. T. M.'s Account, 17. When passion had subsided, Berkeley yielded. The commission was issued; the governor united with the burgesses and council in transmitting to England warm commendations of the zeal, loyalty, and patriotism of Bacon, and the ameliorating legisla- Chap. XIV.} 1676. June 24, O. S. tion of the assembly was ratified. That better legislation was completed, according to the new style of computation, on the fourth day of July, Hening, ii. 363. June twenty-fourth, old style; that is, July 4, 1676. 1676, just one hundred years, to a day, before the congress of the United States, adopting the declaration which had been framed by a statesman of Virginia, who, like Bacon, was popularly inclined, began a new era in the history of man. The eighteenth century in Virginia was the child of the seventeenth; and Bacon's rebellion, with the corresponding scenes in Maryland, and Carolina, and New England, was the earl
ts. The benevolent monarch listened to their petition; it is more remarkable that Clarendon exerted 1662 himself R. I. Records. for the men who used to describe themselves as having fled from bishops as from wolves; the experiment of religious freedom in a nook of a remote continent, could not appear dangerous; it might at once build up another rival to Massachusetts, and solve a curious problem in the history of man. The charter, therefore, which was delayed only by controversies 1663 July 8. about bounds, was at length perfected, and, with new principles, imbodied all that had been granted to Connecticut. Hazard, II. 612, &c.; anti also Knowles, App. G. The supreme power was committed—the rule continues to-day—to a governor, deputy-governor, ten assistants, now called senators, and deputies from the towns. It marks a singular moderation, that the scruples of the inhabitants were so respected, that no oath of allegiance Hazard, II. 617. was required of them; the laws were
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