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Browsing named entities in a specific section of Comte de Paris, History of the Civil War in America. Vol. 1. (ed. Henry Coppee , LL.D.). Search the whole document.

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1861 AD (search for this): chapter 5
ved by the use of india-rubber cloth; and the advantages of this system to the health of the soldiers in the marshy forests of America were so great that by degrees all the coverlets of the army were replaced by the waterproof poncho, a square piece of cloth with a hole in the centre for the head, worn over the shoulders when it rained, and in the evening spread out upon the damp ground, over which the shelter-tent was pitched. Consequently, the number of these Indiarubber garments, which in 1861 was forty thousand, rose to one million five hundred thousand in 1864; and it has been estimated that, placed alongside of each other, they would have presented a surface of one mile and a quarter square—that is to say, four times as large as the gardens of the Tuileries. The uniforms furnished to the volunteers of various arms were nearly all alike, and this similarity increased in proportion as the outfits which the first regiments had brought from their respective States were replaced b
May 4th, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 5
prisons is one of the most affecting narratives that one can read. Before concluding this chapter we must devote a few pages to the regular army, which was being reorganized at the same time that the volunteer regiments were forming. This reorganization, which was rendered indispensable by the defection of a portion of the officers, by the high positions to which others had been promoted, and by the loss of soldiers who had capitulated in Texas, was proposed by the joint resolution of May 4, 1861, and which Congress had passed on the 29th of July. To the five regiments of cavalry which received a uniform designation a sixth was added; the number of artillery regiments was increased from four to five, and that of the infantry regiments from ten to nineteen. These eleven new regiments were much stronger numerically than the old ones: the Sixth Cavalry, raised to twelve squadrons, numbered 1189 officers and men; the Fifth Artillery, also divided into twelve batteries of six field-p
July 4th, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 5
cation for any length of time — a singular circumstance which was to exercise a powerful and abiding influence on the war. We have shown in advance how the combatants learnt by degrees to take the greatest possible advantage of these ways of communication. It will be seen a little later how dearly that experience cost them. After this necessary digression, we resume our narrative at the moment when the conflict is about to commence in earnest. Chapter 2: Bull Run. ON the 4th of July, 1861, the anniversary of the foundation of the United States, an extra session of the new Congress which had been elected a few months before was convened by Mr. Lincoln, and assembled in the Capitol at Washington. Never had the representatives of the nation met under such grave circumstances. Four months had elapsed since Mr. Lincoln had taken the constitutional oath in that same edifice, and the sad forebodings which at that time alarmed all true patriots had been realized. The insurgen
December, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 5
emy it was necessary to bring forward material proof of the great danger to which the army was exposed if capital punishment, that indispensable penalty of the military code, was not inflicted upon traitors. The first execution took place in December, 1861; it was an event in the Federal army. The best example that can be given of the docility with which the volunteers submitted to all the regulations, the necessity or advantages of which they understood, is to be found in the manner in whics 2452 men. These new regiments, having once received their full complement, added 25,000 men to the regular army, and thus made up the total of 42,000 men fixed by the law of July 29th. But it was so difficult to obtain recruits that in December, 1861, when the enlistment of volunteers had reached the figure of 640,637 men, this army had not yet enrolled under its banners more than 20,334 men, not quite one-half the number prescribed by law. The small number of enlistments in the regular a
December 1st, 1861 AD (search for this): chapter 5
substituted for boats, but were rejected by the army of the Potomac, as they were too easily torn. The materials most generally in use were either simple wooden barges that could easily be repaired or tubular pontons of sheet iron, which had the advantage of being much lighter. It will be enough to mention the regulation ration of the American soldier to convey an idea of the importance of the subsistence department, whose duty it was to provide food for the armies, which on the 1st of December, 1861, numbered six hundred thousand men. To the commissary of subsistence there were no dead-heads (non-valeurs). All those who were prevented by special assignment from appearing on the field of battle, and whom the general must deduct from his fighting force, seated themselves in the evening with the rest around the mess-table, which the commissary had to supply. One pound of biscuit or twenty-two ounces of bread or flour, one pound and a quarter of fresh or salt beef or three-quarters
1862 AD (search for this): chapter 5
he long inaction which was deemed necessary to organize the national forces. This inaction, which lasted until the year 1862, was interrupted from time to time only by combats of little importance. The principal occupation of the chiefs of the Feined the duties of pontoniers with those of sappers. They commenced operations in the former capacity in the beginning of 1862; and in a single day they built a bridge across the Potomac at Harper's Ferry in spite of the obstacles presented by a rapy of the Potomac. Out of seventy-three batteries or four hundred and seven pieces which that army had at the beginning of 1862, there were twenty-nine regular batteries, comprising one hundred and sixty-six pieces; eighteen batteries formed a corps determined to control it; and in order to avoid being at its mercy, it largely extended its own establishments. Thus, in 1862, the Springfield manufactory delivered two hundred thousand rifles, while in the year 1863, during which there were manufa
October, 1862 AD (search for this): chapter 5
as he acquired experience in war, the Federal soldier became more sober, more sparing of his rations, and learnt at the same time to carry a heavier load on his shoulders. Among the necessary elements for calculating the number of days he could remain separated from his depots, there are some, as will be seen, which are essentially variable. We shall confine ourselves, in regard to these, to the figures furnished by the experience of the same army at two different epochs of the war. In October, 1862, McClellan being desirous to move his quarters from the head of one line of railway to another, as we will show presently, with an army of 122,000 men—an operation which might oblige him to subsist for ten days without any other supplies than those he carried with him,—these supplies were transported by a train of 1830 wagons. These wagons were drawn by 10,980 animals; there were besides 5046 cavalry horses, and 6836 belonging to the artillery; in order to carry ten days complete ration
1863 AD (search for this): chapter 5
he organization of the railway service, and the skill with which all its details were regulated, contributed essentially to success during this difficult war. We will only cite one instance at present—that of Hooker's army, 23,000 strong, which in 1863 was transported with all its materiel, its horses and wagons, from the Rapidan to Stevenson in Alabama, a distance of nearly 2000 kilometres, by rail in seven days. This shows the great services railways were able to render by concentrating an armeat extent, the Federal government determined to control it; and in order to avoid being at its mercy, it largely extended its own establishments. Thus, in 1862, the Springfield manufactory delivered two hundred thousand rifles, while in the year 1863, during which there were manufactured two hundred and fifty thousand there, the importation of arms from Europe by the Northern States ceased altogether. The rifle which bore the name of the Federal manufactory had the advantage of not requiring
1864 AD (search for this): chapter 5
rs when it rained, and in the evening spread out upon the damp ground, over which the shelter-tent was pitched. Consequently, the number of these Indiarubber garments, which in 1861 was forty thousand, rose to one million five hundred thousand in 1864; and it has been estimated that, placed alongside of each other, they would have presented a surface of one mile and a quarter square—that is to say, four times as large as the gardens of the Tuileries. The uniforms furnished to the volunteers n some of the Brooke guns the grooves were cut in inclined planes. The variety of the projectiles used with these guns was very great. A single Federal regiment—the First Connecticut Artillery—picked up, among the batteries in which it served in 1864 near Richmond, thirty-six different kinds of balls fired by the Confederates. During the long siege of Charleston the defenders of that place loaded their old smooth-bore brass pieces with projectiles of an elongated shape. Although the precisio<
May, 1864 AD (search for this): chapter 5
and 6836 belonging to the artillery; in order to carry ten days complete rations of forage for these animals, it required a second train, with an addition of 17,832 beasts, which had to supply the 40,664 horses or mules which in some capacity or other thus followed the army, with half rations, the country through which that army passed having to furnish the rest. This enormous figure only comprised the transportation of provisions, exclusive of ammunition and of the sick and wounded. In May, 1864, this same army was of nearly the same strength, numbering 125,000 men, 29,945 cavalry horses, and 4046 belonging to officers, 4300 wagons, and 835 ambulances—56,499 animals in all—when it took the field under the command of Grant, prepared to fight and march for three weeks, if necessary, before rejoining any of its depots. The rations had been greatly diminished, and the soldiers were accustomed to carry heavy loads; they had three full rations in their knapsacks and three days allowanc
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