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September 5th (search for this): chapter 5
cessary to return; the fleet weighed anchor for Europe, and, in less than thirty days, Holmes's Annals, i. 65. He returned in April. Not so. Compare Hakluyt, III. 261, or Belknap, i. 163. The excellent annalist rarely is in error, even in minute particulars. He merits the gratitude of every student of American history. Purchas, i. 931, edition of 1617, says,—Francis I. sent thither James Breton. This person can be no other than James Cartier, a Breton. entered the Chap. I.} 1534. Sept. 5. harbor of St. Malo in security. His native city and France were filled with the tidings of his discoveries. The voyage had been easy and successful. Even at this day, the passage to and fro is not often made more rapidly or more safely. Could a gallant nation, which was then ready to contend for power and honor with the united force of Austria and Spain, hesitate to pursue the career of discovery, so prosperously opened? The court listened 1534. to the urgency of the friends of Car
September (search for this): chapter 5
ation in the territory which now began to be known as New France. Hakluyt, III. 285 It was after a stormy voyage, that they arrived within sight of Newfoundland. Passing to the west of that island on the day of St. Lawrence, they gave the 1535. Aug. 10. name of that martyr to a portion of the noble gulf which opened before them; a name which has gradualy extended to the whole gulf, and to the river. Sail- Chap. I.} 1535 ing to the north of Anticosti, they ascended the stream in September, as far as a pleasant harbor in the isle, since called Orleans. The natives, Indians of Algonquin descent, received them with unsuspecting hospitality. Leaving his ships safely moored, Cartier, in a boat, sailed up the majestic stream to the chief Indian settlement on the island of Hochelaga. The language of its inhabitants proves them to have been of the Huron family of tribes. Charlevoix, i. 12. Cass, in N. Rev. XXIV. 421. The town lay at the foot of a hill, which he climbed. As
August 28th (search for this): chapter 5
esirable; in view of a settlement at the south, De Monts explored and claimed for France the rivers, the 1605. coasts and the bays of New England, as far, at least, as Cape Cod. The numbers and hostility of the savages led him to delay a removal, since his colonists Chap. I.} 1606 were so few. Yet the purpose remained. Thrice, in the spring of the following year, did Dupont, his lieutenant, attempt to complete the discovery. Twice he was driven back by adverse winds; and at the third Aug. 28. attempt, his vessel was wrecked. Poutrincourt, who had visited France, and was now returned with supplies, himself renewed the design; but, meeting with Nov. 14. disasters among the shoals of Cape Cod, he, too, returned to Port Royal. There the first French settle- 1605 ment on the American continent had been made; two years before James River was discovered, and three years before a cabin had been raised in Canada. The possessions of Poutrincourt were confirmed by 1607 Henry IV.;
August 24th (search for this): chapter 5
f, he may have perished at sea. Can it be a matter of surprise, that, for the next fifty 1550 to 1600. years, no further discoveries were attempted by the government of a nation, which had become involved in the final struggle of feudalism against the central power of the monarch, of Calvinism against the ancient religion of France? The colony of Huguenots at the 1562 to 1567. South sprung from private enterprise; a government which could devise the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1572. Aug. 24. was neither worthy nor able to found new states. At length, under the mild and tolerant reign of Henry IV., the star of France emerged from the clouds of blood, treachery, and civil war, which had so long eclipsed her glory. The number and importance of the fishing stages had increased; in 1578 there were one 1578 hundred and fifty French vessels at Newfoundland, and regular voyages, for traffic with the natives, began to be successfully made. One French mariner, before 1609, had mad
August 10th (search for this): chapter 5
uadron sailed See the original account of the voyage in Hakluyt, III. 262—285 Compare Charlevoix, N. F. i. 8—15; Belknap's Am. Biog. i. 164—178. Purchas is less copious for the New World, full of hopes of discoveries and plans of colonization in the territory which now began to be known as New France. Hakluyt, III. 285 It was after a stormy voyage, that they arrived within sight of Newfoundland. Passing to the west of that island on the day of St. Lawrence, they gave the 1535. Aug. 10. name of that martyr to a portion of the noble gulf which opened before them; a name which has gradualy extended to the whole gulf, and to the river. Sail- Chap. I.} 1535 ing to the north of Anticosti, they ascended the stream in September, as far as a pleasant harbor in the isle, since called Orleans. The natives, Indians of Algonquin descent, received them with unsuspecting hospitality. Leaving his ships safely moored, Cartier, in a boat, sailed up the majestic stream to the chief In<
August 9th (search for this): chapter 5
t, as far as the smaller inlet of Gaspe. There, upon a point of land, at the entrance of the haven, a lofty cross was raised, bearing a shield, with the lilies of France and an appropriate inscription. Henceforth the soil was to be esteemed a part of the dominions of the French king. Leaving the Bay of Gaspe, Cartier dis- Aug covered the great river of Canada, and sailed up its channel, till he could discern land on either side. As he was unprepared to remain during the winter, it then Aug. 9. became necessary to return; the fleet weighed anchor for Europe, and, in less than thirty days, Holmes's Annals, i. 65. He returned in April. Not so. Compare Hakluyt, III. 261, or Belknap, i. 163. The excellent annalist rarely is in error, even in minute particulars. He merits the gratitude of every student of American history. Purchas, i. 931, edition of 1617, says,—Francis I. sent thither James Breton. This person can be no other than James Cartier, a Breton. entered the Chap.
July 12th (search for this): chapter 5
manent effect in guiding the attention of France to the region of the St. Lawrence. It was in April, that Aprl 20. the mariner, with two ships, left the harbor of St. Malo; May 10. and prosperous weather brought him in twenty days upon the coasts of Newfoundland. Having almost circumnavigated the island, he turned to the south, and, crossing the gulf, entered the bay, which he called Des Chaleurs, from the intense heats of midsummer. Finding-no passage to the west, he sailed along the July 12. coast, as far as the smaller inlet of Gaspe. There, upon a point of land, at the entrance of the haven, a lofty cross was raised, bearing a shield, with the lilies of France and an appropriate inscription. Henceforth the soil was to be esteemed a part of the dominions of the French king. Leaving the Bay of Gaspe, Cartier dis- Aug covered the great river of Canada, and sailed up its channel, till he could discern land on either side. As he was unprepared to remain during the winter, it
lso gathered of the Indians some indistinct account of the countries now contained in the north of Vermont and New York. Re joining his ships, the winter, rendered frightful by the ravages of the scurvy, was passed where they were anchored. At the approach of spring, a cross was solemnly erected upon land, and on it a shield was suspended, which bore the arms of France, and an inscription, declaring Francis to be the rightful king of these new-found regions. Having thus claimed pos- 1536 July 6. session of the territory, the Breton mariner once more regained St. Malo. The description which Cartier gave of the country 1536 to 1540 bordering on the St. Lawrence, furnished arguments Charlevoix, N. F. i. 20. against attempting a colony. The intense severity of the climate terrified even the inhabitants of the north Chap. I.} 1540. of France; and no mines of silver and gold, no veins abounding in diamonds and precious stones, had been promised by the faithful narrative of the
the heathen was the motive to the settlement; the natives venerated Biart as a messenger from heaven; and under the summer sky, round a cross in the centre of the hamlet, matins and vespers were regularly chanted. France and the Roman religion had appropriated the soil of Maine. Meantime the remonstrances of French merchants had effected the revocation of the monopoly of De Monts, and a company of merchants of Dieppe and St. 1608. Malo had founded Quebec. The design was executed 1608. July 3. by Champlain, who aimed not at the profits of trade, but at the glory of founding a state. The city of Quebec was begun; that is to say, rude cottages were framed, a few fields were cleared, and one or two gardens planted. The next year, that singularly bold 1609. adventurer, attended but by two Europeans, joined a mixed party of Hurons from Montreal, and Algonquins from Quebec, in an expedition against the Iroquois, or Five Nations, in the north of New York. He ascended the Sorel, and
culty of reason, and in many places were acquainted with the use of copper. In the early part of his voyage, he had been so far to the north, that in the month of July the light of day was almost continuous; before he turned homewards, in the late autumn, he believed he had attained the latitude of the Straits of Gibraltar and themanded knives and weapons of steel. Perhaps this coast had been visited for slaves; its inhabitants had become wise enough to dread the vices of Europeans. In July, Verrazzani was once more in France. His own narrative of the voyage is the earliest original account, now extant, of the coast of the United States. He advanceds his language, religion, and influence, even to the hamlets of Algonquins, near Lake Nipissing. Religious disputes combined with commercial jeal- 1617 to 1620 July ousies to check the progress of the colony; yet in the summer, when the Pilgrims were leaving Leyden, in obedience to the wishes of the unhappy Montmorenci, the ne
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