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1778 AD (search for this): chapter 19
to be reprimanded by the commander-in-chief. The reprimand was marked with the greatest forbearance. The French minister, to whom Arnold applied for money, put aside his request and added wise and friendly advice. In the course of the winter of 1778-1779, he was taken into the pay of Clinton, to whom he gave on every occasion most material intelligence. The plot received the warmest encouragement from Lord George Germain, who, towards the end of 1779. September, wrote to Clinton: Next to ew York. Four years before, Washington had sailed between the Highlands, where nature blends mountains and valleys and the deep river in exceeding beauty; and he had selected for fortification the points best adapted to command the passage. In 1778, it was still a desert, nearly inaccessible; now it was covered with fortresses and artillery. Fort Defiance alone was defended by a hundred and twenty pieces of cannon, and was believed to be impregnable. Here were magazines of powder and ammun
1779 AD (search for this): chapter 19
the patriots. The council of that state, after bearing with him for more than half a year, very justly desired his removal from the command; and, having early in 1779 given information of his conduct, against their intention they became his accusers. The court-martial before which he was arraigned, on charges that touched his hforbearance. The French minister, to whom Arnold applied for money, put aside his request and added wise and friendly advice. In the course of the winter of 1778-1779, he was taken into the pay of Clinton, to whom he gave on every occasion most material intelligence. The plot received the warmest encouragement from Lord George Germain, who, towards the end of 1779. September, wrote to Clinton: Next to the destruction of Washington's army, the gaining over officers of influence and reputation among the troops would be the speediest means of subduing the rebellion and restoring the tranquillity of America. Your commission authorizes you to avail yours
February, 1779 AD (search for this): chapter 19
fare, Clinton stooped to fraud and corruption. From the time when officers who stood below Arnold were promoted over his head, discontent rankled in his breast and found expression in threats of revenge. After the northern campaign, he complained more than ever that his services had not been sufficiently rewarded. While he held the command in Philadelphia, his extravagant mode of living tempted him to peculation and treasonable connections; and Chap. XVIII.} 1780. towards the end of February, 1779, he let it be known to the British commander-in-chief that he was desirous of exchanging the American service for that of Great Britain. His open preference for the friends of the English in Pennsylvania disgusted the patriots. The council of that state, after bearing with him for more than half a year, very justly desired his removal from the command; and, having early in 1779 given information of his conduct, against their intention they became his accusers. The court-martial before
September 27th, 1779 AD (search for this): chapter 19
agement from Lord George Germain, who, towards the end of 1779. September, wrote to Clinton: Next to the destruction of Washington's army, the gaining over officers of influence and reputation among the troops would be the speediest means of subduing the rebellion and restoring the tranquillity of America. Your commission authorizes you to avail yourself of such opportunities, and there can be no doubt that the expense will be cheerfully submitted to. Lord George Germain to Clinton, 27 Sept., 1779. Extract. It will not, I am persuaded, escape your sagacity that the gaining over some of the most respectable members of that body [congress], or officers of influence and reputation among the troops, would, next to the destruction of Washington's army, be the speediest means of subduing the rebellion and restoring the tranquillity of America. Your commission authorizes you to avail yourself of such opportunities and there can be no doubt that the expense will be cheerfully submitted
December 29th, 1779 AD (search for this): chapter 19
just. A man of action, quick-sighted, great in power of execution, he was just the officer whom a wise government would employ, and whom by luck the British admiralty of that day, tired of the Keppels and the Palisers, the Chap. XVIII.} 1780. mutinous and the incompetent, put in command of the expedition that was to relieve Gibraltar and rule the seas of the West Indies. One of the king's younger sons served on board his fleet as midshipman. He took his squadron to sea on the twenty-ninth of December, 1779. On the eighth of January, 1780, Jan. 8. he captured seven vessels of war and fifteen sail of merchantmen. On the sixteenth, he encountered off 16. Cape St. Vincent, the Spanish squadron of Languara, very inferior to his own, and easily took or destroyed a great part of it. Having victualled the garrison of Gibraltar, and relieved Minorca, on the thirteenth Feb. 13. of February he set sail for the West Indies. At St. Lucie he received letters from his wife, saying: Everybod
1780 AD (search for this): chapter 19
on the twenty-third, the British Chap. XVIII.} 1780. June 23. advanced in two compact divisions froand treasonable connections; and Chap. XVIII.} 1780. towards the end of February, 1779, he let it bmplot up to the moment of its discovery. In 1780, the command at West Point needed to be Chap. he Keppels and the Palisers, the Chap. XVIII.} 1780. mutinous and the incompetent, put in command oturned to his quarters. Late in Chap. XVIII.} 1780. Sept. 22. the afternoon Andre, changing his drbade him farewell and rode up to Chap. XVIII.} 1780. Sept. 23. dine with Arnold at his quarters. Ah permission to inform Arnold by Chap. XVIII.} 1780. Sept. 25. letter of his arrest. His letter of independence alive. To seek Chap. XVIII.} 1780. Sept. 25. security by a threat of retaliation Clinton had already in a note to Chap. XVIII.} 1780 Sept. 30. Washington asked Andreas release, as your army as may fall within my Chap. XVIII.} 1780. power. Forty of the principal inhabitants of [18 more...]
January 8th, 1780 AD (search for this): chapter 19
, great in power of execution, he was just the officer whom a wise government would employ, and whom by luck the British admiralty of that day, tired of the Keppels and the Palisers, the Chap. XVIII.} 1780. mutinous and the incompetent, put in command of the expedition that was to relieve Gibraltar and rule the seas of the West Indies. One of the king's younger sons served on board his fleet as midshipman. He took his squadron to sea on the twenty-ninth of December, 1779. On the eighth of January, 1780, Jan. 8. he captured seven vessels of war and fifteen sail of merchantmen. On the sixteenth, he encountered off 16. Cape St. Vincent, the Spanish squadron of Languara, very inferior to his own, and easily took or destroyed a great part of it. Having victualled the garrison of Gibraltar, and relieved Minorca, on the thirteenth Feb. 13. of February he set sail for the West Indies. At St. Lucie he received letters from his wife, saying: Everybody is beyond measure delighted as well
March 3rd, 1780 AD (search for this): chapter 19
h ministry to send twelve thousand men to the United States, as the best way of pursuing the war actively; and Lafayette had of his own motion given the like advice to Vergennes, with whom he had formed relations of friendship. The cabinet adopted the measure in its principle, but vacillated as to the number of the French contingent. For the command Count de Rochambeau was selected, not by court favor, but from the consideration in which he was held by the troops. Goltz to Frederic, 3 March, 1780. On the tenth of July, Admiral de Ternay with a squadron of ten Chap. XVIII.} 1780. July 10. ships of war, three of them ships of the line, convoyed the detachment of about six thousand men with Rochambeau into the harbor of Newport. To an address from the general assembly of Rhode Island, then sitting in Newport, the count answered: The French troops are restrained by the strictest discipline; and, acting under General Washington, will live with the Americans as their brethren. I as
August 25th, 1780 AD (search for this): chapter 19
ong Island, where it idled away several days, and then returned to New York. Of the incapacity of Arbuthnot, the admiral, Clinton sent home bitter complaints, which were little heeded. There were those who censured the general as equally wanting energy. The sixth summer during which the British had vainly endeavored to reduce the United States was passing away, and after the arrival of French auxiliaries the British commander-in-chief was more than ever disheartened. On the twenty-fifth of August, 1780, Clinton, Aug 25. knowing well that he had in Cornwallis a favored Chap. XVIII.} 1780. Aug. 25. rival eager to supplant him, reported officially from New York: At this new epoch in the war, when a foreign force has already landed and an addition to it is expected, I owe to my country, and I must in justice to my own fame declare to your lordship, that I become every day more sensible of the utter impossibility of prosecuting the war in this country without re-enforcements. The
October 11th, 1780 AD (search for this): chapter 19
mporary documents, which are abundant and of the surest character, and which, taken collectively, solve every question. The most important are: The proceedings of the American court of inquiry; Clinton's elaborate letters to Lord George Germain of 11 and 12 Oct., 1780; Narrative of correspondence and transactions respecting General Arnold in Sir Henry Clinton's letter of 11 Oct., 1780; Two letters of Clinton to Germain of 12 Oct., 1780; Clinton's secret letter of 30 Oct., 1780; Clinton's report11 Oct., 1780; Two letters of Clinton to Germain of 12 Oct., 1780; Clinton's secret letter of 30 Oct., 1780; Clinton's report to Lord Amherst of 16 Oct., 1780; Extract from Clinton's Journal in Mahon's England, VII., Appendix VII. to XI.; Journal of General Matthews; Trial of Joshua Hett Smith, edited by Henry B. Dawson, New York, 1866; and especially Hamilton's Account of Andreas Affair in Works, i. 172-182. This last is particularly valuable, as Hamilton had the best opportunities to be well informed; and in his narrative, if there are any traces of partiality, it is towards Andre that he leaned. The reminiscenc
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