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the opening of the lid, as occurring several times during the day, is made to wind up the going mechanism. In the patent of Ramuz, 1868, the cover is connected to a lever which is operated by opening and closing the cover, and acts through a gimbal-joint upon a lever to which a curved ratchet-bar is pivoted. The curved ratchet-bar engages a ratchetwheel, which communicates with the works so as to partially wind the same when the cover is opened to observe the time. Theurer's patent of 1866 seems to have been the first of the kind. Mozart's of 1873 may also be noticed. Lie′ber-kuhn. (Optics.) An annular reflector attached to the nose of the object-glass, and serving to illuminate an object by reflecting the rays which pass around the object through the slip on the stand. Lierne. A branch rib introduced between the principal ribs of a groined arch, so as to form an ornamental pattern. Life-boat. A boat with air-chambers or floats of cork, to give it great
, balloon-net, Paris-net, bobbin-net. The classification of laces at the English exhibition of 1851 was as follows: — 1. Pillow-lace, the article or fabric being wholly made by hand (known as Vaputation: he succeeded in soldering glass. Pure disks of flint-glass were exhibited in London in 1851, having a diameter of 29 inches and weighing 224 pounds. Guinand's mode of making lenses is st the allies. A flint-glass lens, weighing 224 pounds, was exhibited at the London Exposition, 1851. A burning-lens of great power may be obtained by fixing two circular disks of thin glass at tating that the lock has been tampered with. In Newell's American lock (exhibited in England in 1851) the bits are interchangeable on the stem of the key, so that an indefinite number of combinationmiles. See Clark's Recent practice on the locomotive ; Tredgold on Locomotive-engines, London, 1851; Heusinger and Clauss's Locomotive Maschine, Wiesbaden, 1858; Weissenborn's American Engineering,
s. The Mississippi was discovered by De Soto, 1542, and explored at its upper end by Father Marquette and M. Joliet about 1672. M. La Salle traversed its whole length in 1677, and De Iberville was the first to enter it from the sea. The dikes of Holland are marvelous, and are referred to under dike, draining (which see). The Haarlem Lake is one of the latest recoveries from the sea. It was 15 miles long and 7 broad, and was drained by embanking and pumping, the work being completed in 1852. Three steam-engines were employed for several years. (See pumping-engine; also pages 116, 739.) It is now proposed to inclose and pump out the Zuyder Zee, a part of which was once habitable but was overwhelmed by a storm which tore down the dikes. It has been calculated that nearly nine hundred thousand acres have been gained in the Netherlands by diking and draining. The province of Zealand consists of islands washed by the sea on their western coasts, and separated by the many channel
r-laid, cable-laid. 2. (Cotton-manufacture.) a. 120 yards of yarn. The yarn is wound on a reel 4 1/2 feet in circumference, 80 revolutions of which make a lay, and 7 lays make a hank of 840 yards. This is the length of a hank of any grade of cotton yarn. The yarn is rated by the number of hanks which go to make up a pound. Nos. 40 to 50 are ordinary throstle weaving; Nos. 300 to 400, ordinary mule weaving. By the mule much higher numbers have been reached. No. 700 being exhibited in 1853. See yarn; hank. The lay is also called a rap or ley. 3. (Flax-manufacture.) 300 yards of linen yarn. See Lea. 4. (Woolen-manufacture.) A quantity of wool or other fiber in a willow or carding-machine. 5. (Weaving.) The batten or lathe of a loom, by which the weft-threads are beaten up in the shed to compact them against their predecessors. See lathe, 2. Lay-cap. (Weaving.) A slat which lies on top of the reed, and which is grasped by the hand in working the lat
abernacle, were of African manufacture. The Africans yet excel in this art. Yellow, red, and black morocco yet attest it. The old national dress of the Persians was a closefitting tunic and trousers of leather. Leathern helmets, cuirasses, belts, shirts, and buskins were common among the nations in the motley army of Xerxes. The Libyans wore dresses of leather. The Paphlagonians leathern buskins and helmets. The Gordian knot was of leathern thongs, and was summarily cut about 330 B. C. Alum was used in tawing leather by the Saracens. We do not recollect any account of human hide leather, but as raw-hide or parchment it has been utilized. The doors of Rochester (England) Cathedral were formerly covered with the skins of Danish pirates. The same is reported of the doors of the churches of Hadstock and Copford, Essex, England. In the case of the Hadstock church, the microscope has determined the truth of the tradition, for a portion having been removed and tested,
atient should sit so that it is a little back of him and on his right side, as in Tieman's instrument (the lower figure). In this case, the light is reflected by a concave mirror c to the smaller mirror, which is held by the observer at the posterior part of the mouth, the uvula resting upon its back. By its means, the vocal chords of the interior of the larynx are exhibited, and have been photographed. One constructed by Dr. Turck in 1857 was modified and improved by Dr. Czermack of Pesth, 1856, who exhibited it in action in 1862, in London. Mr. John Avery of London is said to have constructed a similar apparatus in 1846. La-ryngo-tome. Laryngotomy, or the opening of the larynx, was practiced by the ancients in quinsey. It was recommended by the Greek and Arabian physicians, by Galen and Asclepiades decidedly. Lash. 1. (Weaving.) A thong formed of the combined ends of the cords by which a certain set of yarns are raised in the process of weaving Brussels carpet. Ea
s laryngoscope. When artificial light is employed, the patient should sit so that it is a little back of him and on his right side, as in Tieman's instrument (the lower figure). In this case, the light is reflected by a concave mirror c to the smaller mirror, which is held by the observer at the posterior part of the mouth, the uvula resting upon its back. By its means, the vocal chords of the interior of the larynx are exhibited, and have been photographed. One constructed by Dr. Turck in 1857 was modified and improved by Dr. Czermack of Pesth, 1856, who exhibited it in action in 1862, in London. Mr. John Avery of London is said to have constructed a similar apparatus in 1846. La-ryngo-tome. Laryngotomy, or the opening of the larynx, was practiced by the ancients in quinsey. It was recommended by the Greek and Arabian physicians, by Galen and Asclepiades decidedly. Lash. 1. (Weaving.) A thong formed of the combined ends of the cords by which a certain set of yarns
r, 1866; Cape Grisnez, France, February, 1869; Souter Point, England, January, 1871; South Foreland, England, with two lights, January, 1872, in the first place in 1858 – 60 by Professor Holmes, and afterward England took the lead in this matter of the adaptation of electric illumination to lighthouse purposes. The Bishop rock lite gear-wheels on the axles, and all propelled by a gear in the center, driven by a pitman from the walking-beam. See Who invented the locomotive-engine? London, 1858, written by O. D. Hedley, the son of the inventor. Hedley's locomotive was objected to by residents of Newcastle, on account of the smoke. He therefore passed ,000 miles. See Clark's Recent practice on the locomotive ; Tredgold on Locomotive-engines, London, 1851; Heusinger and Clauss's Locomotive Maschine, Wiesbaden, 1858; Weissenborn's American Engineering, New York, 1861; The student's guide to the locomotive, London, 1849. The following figures, from the Railway Times, show th
and Excalibur: But ere he dipt the surface, rose an arm Clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful, And caught him by the hilt. The arts of dressing flax and wool were known in Britain previous to the conquest by Caesar, who states that the art of weaving was not known by the islanders. However this may be, an imperial manufactory of woolen and linen cloth for the use of the Roman army in Britain was established at Venta Bulgarum, since called Winchester. In Bishop Aldhelm's book, A. D. 680, in an essay on character, occurs a simile from the art of figure-weaving, in which he refers to a web woven by shuttles, filled with threads of purple and many other colors, flying from side to side, and forming a variety of figures and images. A famous specimen of embroidery of this character is preserved in the Cathedral of Bayeaux. It is a piece of linen about 19 inches in width and 67 yards in length, containing the history of the conquest of England by William of Normandy. It is supp
he day, is made to wind up the going mechanism. In the patent of Ramuz, 1868, the cover is connected to a lever which is operated by opening and closing the cover, and acts through a gimbal-joint upon a lever to which a curved ratchet-bar is pivoted. The curved ratchet-bar engages a ratchetwheel, which communicates with the works so as to partially wind the same when the cover is opened to observe the time. Theurer's patent of 1866 seems to have been the first of the kind. Mozart's of 1873 may also be noticed. Lie′ber-kuhn. (Optics.) An annular reflector attached to the nose of the object-glass, and serving to illuminate an object by reflecting the rays which pass around the object through the slip on the stand. Lierne. A branch rib introduced between the principal ribs of a groined arch, so as to form an ornamental pattern. Life-boat. A boat with air-chambers or floats of cork, to give it great buoyancy and allow it to carry a load even when filled with
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